Question 1

All non-A are B. (F) Subalternation

Accepted Answer

A)  All non-B are A. (F) 
B)  No non-A are B. (Und.) 
C)  Some non-A are B. (F) 
D)  Some non-A are not B. (T) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (Und.) 
A)  All non-B are A. (F) 
B)  No non-A are B. (Und.) 
C)  Some non-A are B. (F) 
D)  Some non-A are not B. (T) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (Und.)

Question 2

All non-A are B. (F) Some non-A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contraposition. (F) 
B)  Subalternation. (F) 
C)  Contradictory. (T) 
D)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
E)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
A)  Contraposition. (F) 
B)  Subalternation. (F) 
C)  Contradictory. (T) 
D)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
E)  Subalternation. (Und.)

Question 3

There is a tavern in the town.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some taverns are not things in the town. 
B)  Some taverns are things in the town, and some taverns are not things in the town. 
C)  Some taverns are things in the town. 
D)  All taverns are things in the town. 
E)  No taverns are not things in the town. 
A)  Some taverns are not things in the town. 
B)  Some taverns are things in the town, and some taverns are not things in the town. 
C)  Some taverns are things in the town. 
D)  All taverns are things in the town. 
E)  No taverns are not things in the town.

Question 4

Some unsuccessful high schools are institutions threatened with closure. Therefore, some institutions not threatened with closure are successful high schools.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Valid. 
C)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Valid. 
C)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation.

Question 5

No non-A are non-B. (F) All non-A are non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contradiction. (T) 
B)  Obversion. (F) 
C)  Contrary. (Und.) 
D)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
E)  Subcontrary. (T) 
A)  Contradiction. (T) 
B)  Obversion. (F) 
C)  Contrary. (Und.) 
D)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
E)  Subcontrary. (T)

Question 6

It is false that no bats are animals that carry rabies. Therefore, some bats are animals that carry rabies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary.

Question 7

Valentine's Day is in February.

Accepted Answer

A)  All Valentine's Days are in February. 
B)  No days that are not in February are days that are not identical to Valentine's Day. 
C)  All days identical to Valentine's Day are in February. 
D)  All days identical to Valentine's Day are days in February. 
E)  Some days in February are days identical to Valentine's Day. 
A)  All Valentine's Days are in February. 
B)  No days that are not in February are days that are not identical to Valentine's Day. 
C)  All days identical to Valentine's Day are in February. 
D)  All days identical to Valentine's Day are days in February. 
E)  Some days in February are days identical to Valentine's Day.

Question 8

In Categorical Proposition 1D, which terms are distributed?

Accepted Answer

A)  The predicate but not the subject. 
B)  Both the subject and the predicate. 
C)  Neither the subject not the predicate. 
D)  The quantifier but not the copula. 
E)  The subject but not the predicate. 
A)  The predicate but not the subject. 
B)  Both the subject and the predicate. 
C)  Neither the subject not the predicate. 
D)  The quantifier but not the copula. 
E)  The subject but not the predicate.

Question 9

All A are non-B. (F) No A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrary. (Und.) 
B)  Obversion. (F) 
C)  Conversion. (Und.) 
D)  Subalternation. (T) 
E)  Contradictory. (T) 
A)  Contrary. (Und.) 
B)  Obversion. (F) 
C)  Conversion. (Und.) 
D)  Subalternation. (T) 
E)  Contradictory. (T)

Question 10

All werewolves are unwelcome companions. Therefore, no werewolves are welcome companions.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary.

Question 11

Categorical Proposition 1I
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings."

-In Categorical Proposition 1I, the copula is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Are not. 
B)  Some. 
C)  Are. 
D)  Negative. 
E)  Vessels that are safe dwellings. 
A)  Are not. 
B)  Some. 
C)  Are. 
D)  Negative. 
E)  Vessels that are safe dwellings.

Question 12

In each problem below, you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement.  You must determine how the new statement is related to the given statement and determine the truth value of the new statement.  Take the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
-Some A are not non-B. (T) Some A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion. (Und.) 
B)  Obversion. (T) 
C)  Contradiction. (F) 
D)  Contraposition. (T) 
E)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
A)  Conversion. (Und.) 
B)  Obversion. (T) 
C)  Contradiction. (F) 
D)  Contraposition. (T) 
E)  Subcontrary. (Und.)

Question 13

Some websites are not celebrations of vanity. Therefore, some websites are celebrations of vanity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
B)  Valid; unnamed fallacy. 
C)  Valid; no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
B)  Valid; unnamed fallacy. 
C)  Valid; no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary.

Question 14

There is a bed in the attic.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some beds are not things in the attic. 
B)  Some beds are things in the attic. 
C)  All attics are things that contain a bed. 
D)  Some beds are in the attic. 
E)  Some beds are things in the attic and some beds are not things in the attic. 
A)  Some beds are not things in the attic. 
B)  Some beds are things in the attic. 
C)  All attics are things that contain a bed. 
D)  Some beds are in the attic. 
E)  Some beds are things in the attic and some beds are not things in the attic.

Question 15

Wherever there is water there is life.

Accepted Answer

A)  All places there is life are places there is water. 
B)  All places there is no water are places there is no life. 
C)  All places there is water are places there is life. 
D)  All times there is water are times there is life. 
E)  Some places there is water are places there is life. 
A)  All places there is life are places there is water. 
B)  All places there is no water are places there is no life. 
C)  All places there is water are places there is life. 
D)  All times there is water are times there is life. 
E)  Some places there is water are places there is life.

Question 16

She buys whatever catches her eye.

Accepted Answer

A)  All things that do not catch her eye are things she does not buy. 
B)  Some things she buys are things that catch her eye. 
C)  All things she buys are things that catch her eye. 
D)  No things that do not catch her eye are things she buys. 
E)  All things that catch her eye are things she buys. 
A)  All things that do not catch her eye are things she does not buy. 
B)  Some things she buys are things that catch her eye. 
C)  All things she buys are things that catch her eye. 
D)  No things that do not catch her eye are things she buys. 
E)  All things that catch her eye are things she buys.

Question 17

In Categorical Proposition 1H, the copula is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Are not. 
B)  Made. 
C)  Are. 
D)  All. 
E)  Not. 
A)  Are not. 
B)  Made. 
C)  Are. 
D)  All. 
E)  Not.

Question 18

She paints what she likes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some things she paints are things she likes to paint. 
B)  All things she likes to paint are things she paints. 
C)  Some things are things she likes to paint, and some things are not things she likes to paint. 
D)  All things she paints are things she likes to paint. 
E)  All people identical to her paint what they like. 
A)  Some things she paints are things she likes to paint. 
B)  All things she likes to paint are things she paints. 
C)  Some things are things she likes to paint, and some things are not things she likes to paint. 
D)  All things she paints are things she likes to paint. 
E)  All people identical to her paint what they like.

Question 19

Few capitalists are truly generous.

Accepted Answer

A)  All capitalists are people who are seldom generous. 
B)  No capitalists are truly generous people. 
C)  Some capitalists are truly generous people. 
D)  Some capitalists are truly generous people, and some capitalists are not truly generous people. 
E)  Some capitalists are not truly generous people. 
A)  All capitalists are people who are seldom generous. 
B)  No capitalists are truly generous people. 
C)  Some capitalists are truly generous people. 
D)  Some capitalists are truly generous people, and some capitalists are not truly generous people. 
E)  Some capitalists are not truly generous people.

Question 20

No non-A are B. (T) All non-A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrary. (F) 
B)  Contradictory. (F) 
C)  Contrary. (Und.) 
D)  Contraposition. (T) 
E)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
A)  Contrary. (F) 
B)  Contradictory. (F) 
C)  Contrary. (Und.) 
D)  Contraposition. (T) 
E)  Contraposition. (Und.)

All non-A are B. (F) Subalternation

All non-A are B. (F) Some non-A are B.

There is a tavern in the town.

Some unsuccessful high schools are institutions threatened with closure. Therefore, some institutions not threatened with closure are successful high schools.

No non-A are non-B. (F) All non-A are non-B.

It is false that no bats are animals that carry rabies. Therefore, some bats are animals that carry rabies.

Valentine's Day is in February.

In Categorical Proposition 1D, which terms are distributed?

All A are non-B. (F) No A are B.

All werewolves are unwelcome companions. Therefore, no werewolves are welcome companions.

Categorical Proposition 1I Given the categorical proposition: "Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings." -In Categorical Proposition 1I, the copula is:

Some websites are not celebrations of vanity. Therefore, some websites are celebrations of vanity.

There is a bed in the attic.

Wherever there is water there is life.

She buys whatever catches her eye.

In Categorical Proposition 1H, the copula is:

She paints what she likes.

Few capitalists are truly generous.

No non-A are B. (T) All non-A are B.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

All non-A are B. (F) Subalternation

All non-A are B. (F) Some non-A are B.

There is a tavern in the town.

Some unsuccessful high schools are institutions threatened with closure. Therefore, some institutions not threatened with closure are successful high schools.

No non-A are non-B. (F) All non-A are non-B.

It is false that no bats are animals that carry rabies. Therefore, some bats are animals that carry rabies.

Valentine's Day is in February.

In Categorical Proposition 1D, which terms are distributed?

All A are non-B. (F) No A are B.

All werewolves are unwelcome companions. Therefore, no werewolves are welcome companions.

Categorical Proposition 1I Given the categorical proposition: "Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings." -In Categorical Proposition 1I, the copula is:

Some websites are not celebrations of vanity. Therefore, some websites are celebrations of vanity.

There is a bed in the attic.

Wherever there is water there is life.

She buys whatever catches her eye.

In Categorical Proposition 1H, the copula is:

She paints what she likes.

Few capitalists are truly generous.

No non-A are B. (T) All non-A are B.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters