Question 1

Some non-A are B. (F) Some non-B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion. (F) 
B)  Obversion. (F) 
C)  Conversion. (T) 
D)  Contraposition. (F) 
E)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
A)  Conversion. (F) 
B)  Obversion. (F) 
C)  Conversion. (T) 
D)  Contraposition. (F) 
E)  Contraposition. (Und.)

Question 2

In each problem below, you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement.  You must determine how the new statement is related to the given statement and determine the truth value of the new statement.  Take the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
-Some A are non-B. (T) Some non-B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion. (T) 
B)  Contrary. (F) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Contradiction. (F) 
A)  Conversion. (T) 
B)  Contrary. (F) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Contradiction. (F)

Question 3

He shoots anything that moves.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some things he shoots are things that move. 
B)  All things that move are things he shoots. 
C)  All things he shoots are things that move. 
D)  No things that do not move are things he shoots. 
E)  All things that do not move are things he shoots. 
A)  Some things he shoots are things that move. 
B)  All things that move are things he shoots. 
C)  All things he shoots are things that move. 
D)  No things that do not move are things he shoots. 
E)  All things that do not move are things he shoots.

Question 4

Some S are not P. (Aristotelian standpoint)   After filling in the diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 1 is shaded. 
B)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1. 
C)  There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
E)  There is a circled X in Area 1, and there are no other marks. 
A)  Area 1 is shaded. 
B)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1. 
C)  There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
E)  There is a circled X in Area 1, and there are no other marks.

Question 5

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

Accepted Answer

A)  No romantic poets are supporters of conventional mores. 
B)  Every increase in military spending causes concern in foreign capitals. 
C)  Digital cameras are devices that contain microchips. 
D)  All Epicureans have decadent sensate values. 
E)  Some whole grain cereals are good for the heart. 
A)  No romantic poets are supporters of conventional mores. 
B)  Every increase in military spending causes concern in foreign capitals. 
C)  Digital cameras are devices that contain microchips. 
D)  All Epicureans have decadent sensate values. 
E)  Some whole grain cereals are good for the heart.

Question 6

No non-A are B. (F) No B are non-A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
B)  Contrary. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (F) 
D)  Conversion. (Und.) 
E)  Contraposition. (F) 
A)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
B)  Contrary. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (F) 
D)  Conversion. (Und.) 
E)  Contraposition. (F)

Question 7

No arms manufacturers are contributors to world peace. Therefore, no contributors to world peace are arms manufacturers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
D)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
E)  Valid. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
D)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
E)  Valid.

Question 8

The only dogs in my home are poodles.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some poodles are not dogs in my home. 
B)  All poodles are dogs in my home. 
C)  All dogs in my home are things identical to poodles. 
D)  All dogs in my home are poodles. 
E)  All poodles are the only dogs in my home. 
A)  Some poodles are not dogs in my home. 
B)  All poodles are dogs in my home. 
C)  All dogs in my home are things identical to poodles. 
D)  All dogs in my home are poodles. 
E)  All poodles are the only dogs in my home.

Question 9

None but kind people are well intentioned.

Accepted Answer

A)  No kind people are people who are not well intentioned. 
B)  Some well intentioned people are kind people. 
C)  All kind people are well intentioned people. 
D)  All well intentioned people are kind people. 
E)  Some kind people are not well intentioned people. 
A)  No kind people are people who are not well intentioned. 
B)  Some well intentioned people are kind people. 
C)  All kind people are well intentioned people. 
D)  All well intentioned people are kind people. 
E)  Some kind people are not well intentioned people.

Question 10

No A are B. (T) Some A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrary. (F) 
B)  Contradictory. (F) 
C)  Conversion. (T) 
D)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
E)  Subalternation. (T) 
A)  Contrary. (F) 
B)  Contradictory. (F) 
C)  Conversion. (T) 
D)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
E)  Subalternation. (T)

Question 11

Apples are not sweet unless they are ripe.

Accepted Answer

A)  No apples that are not sweet are ripe apples. 
B)  All sweet apples are ripe apples. 
C)  All ripe apples are sweet apples. 
D)  All sweet apples are ripe apples, and all apples that are not ripe are apples that are not sweet. 
E)  Some sweet apples are ripe apples. 
A)  No apples that are not sweet are ripe apples. 
B)  All sweet apples are ripe apples. 
C)  All ripe apples are sweet apples. 
D)  All sweet apples are ripe apples, and all apples that are not ripe are apples that are not sweet. 
E)  Some sweet apples are ripe apples.

Question 12

In Categorical Proposition 1G, the copula is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Being auctioned. 
B)  Are not. 
C)  Some. 
D)  None of these. 
E)  Are. 
A)  Being auctioned. 
B)  Are not. 
C)  Some. 
D)  None of these. 
E)  Are.

Question 13

All of the tools except the wrenches are rusted.

Accepted Answer

A)  All tools that are not wrenches are tools that are rusted. 
B)  No wrenches are tools that are rusted. 
C)  Some wrenches are tools that are rusted and some wrenches are not tools that are rusted. 
D)  No wrenches are tools that are rusted, and all tools that are not wrenches are tools that are rusted. 
E)  All tools that are not rusted are wrenches. 
A)  All tools that are not wrenches are tools that are rusted. 
B)  No wrenches are tools that are rusted. 
C)  Some wrenches are tools that are rusted and some wrenches are not tools that are rusted. 
D)  No wrenches are tools that are rusted, and all tools that are not wrenches are tools that are rusted. 
E)  All tools that are not rusted are wrenches.

Question 14

Given the categorical proposition "Some police shootings are tragedies that could have been avoided." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some police shootings are tragedies that could not have been avoided. 
B)  All police shootings are tragedies that could have been avoided. 
C)  No police shootings are tragedies that could have been avoided. 
D)  Some police shootings are not tragedies that could have been avoided. 
E)  All police shootings are not tragedies that could have been avoided. 
A)  Some police shootings are tragedies that could not have been avoided. 
B)  All police shootings are tragedies that could have been avoided. 
C)  No police shootings are tragedies that could have been avoided. 
D)  Some police shootings are not tragedies that could have been avoided. 
E)  All police shootings are not tragedies that could have been avoided.

Question 15

It is false that all modern sculptures are attention grabbers. Therefore, no modern sculptures are attention grabbers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 16

The Eiffel Tower is not in Berlin.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some things in Berlin are not things identical to the Eiffel Tower. 
B)  All things like the Eiffel Tower are things that are not in Berlin. 
C)  All things identical to the Eiffel Tower are not in Berlin. 
D)  Some things identical to the Eiffel Tower are not things in Berlin. 
E)  No things identical to the Eiffel Tower are things in Berlin. 
A)  Some things in Berlin are not things identical to the Eiffel Tower. 
B)  All things like the Eiffel Tower are things that are not in Berlin. 
C)  All things identical to the Eiffel Tower are not in Berlin. 
D)  Some things identical to the Eiffel Tower are not things in Berlin. 
E)  No things identical to the Eiffel Tower are things in Berlin.

Question 17

Some non-A are non-B. (F) Some B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion. (T) 
B)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (F) 
D)  Subcontrary. (T) 
E)  Contraposition. (F) 
A)  Conversion. (T) 
B)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (F) 
D)  Subcontrary. (T) 
E)  Contraposition. (F)

Question 18

Given the categorical proposition "Some fathers are responsible parents." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  All fathers are responsible parents. 
B)  Some fathers are irresponsible parents. 
C)  No fathers are responsible parents. 
D)  No fathers are not irresponsible parents. 
E)  Some fathers are not responsible parents. 
A)  All fathers are responsible parents. 
B)  Some fathers are irresponsible parents. 
C)  No fathers are responsible parents. 
D)  No fathers are not irresponsible parents. 
E)  Some fathers are not responsible parents.

Question 19

All non-A are B. (F) No non-A are non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contradictory. (T) 
B)  Contrary. (Und.) 
C)  Obversion. (F) 
D)  Contraposition. (F) 
E)  Contrary. (T) 
A)  Contradictory. (T) 
B)  Contrary. (Und.) 
C)  Obversion. (F) 
D)  Contraposition. (F) 
E)  Contrary. (T)

Question 20

No non-A are B. (T) Conversion

Accepted Answer

A)  No non-B are A. (Und.) 
B)  No A are non-B. (T) 
C)  No B are non-A. (T) 
D)  All non-A are non-B. (T) 
E)  All non-A are B. (F) 
A)  No non-B are A. (Und.) 
B)  No A are non-B. (T) 
C)  No B are non-A. (T) 
D)  All non-A are non-B. (T) 
E)  All non-A are B. (F)

Some non-A are B. (F) Some non-B are A.

He shoots anything that moves.

Some S are not P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the diagram,

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

No non-A are B. (F) No B are non-A.

No arms manufacturers are contributors to world peace. Therefore, no contributors to world peace are arms manufacturers.

The only dogs in my home are poodles.

None but kind people are well intentioned.

No A are B. (T) Some A are B.

Apples are not sweet unless they are ripe.

In Categorical Proposition 1G, the copula is:

All of the tools except the wrenches are rusted.

Given the categorical proposition "Some police shootings are tragedies that could have been avoided." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

It is false that all modern sculptures are attention grabbers. Therefore, no modern sculptures are attention grabbers.

The Eiffel Tower is not in Berlin.

Some non-A are non-B. (F) Some B are A.

Given the categorical proposition "Some fathers are responsible parents." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

All non-A are B. (F) No non-A are non-B.

No non-A are B. (T) Conversion

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

Some non-A are B. (F) Some non-B are A.

He shoots anything that moves.

Some S are not P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the diagram,

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

No non-A are B. (F) No B are non-A.

No arms manufacturers are contributors to world peace. Therefore, no contributors to world peace are arms manufacturers.

The only dogs in my home are poodles.

None but kind people are well intentioned.

No A are B. (T) Some A are B.

Apples are not sweet unless they are ripe.

In Categorical Proposition 1G, the copula is:

All of the tools except the wrenches are rusted.

Given the categorical proposition "Some police shootings are tragedies that could have been avoided." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

It is false that all modern sculptures are attention grabbers. Therefore, no modern sculptures are attention grabbers.

The Eiffel Tower is not in Berlin.

Some non-A are non-B. (F) Some B are A.

Given the categorical proposition "Some fathers are responsible parents." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

All non-A are B. (F) No non-A are non-B.

No non-A are B. (T) Conversion

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters