Question 1

Some A are not non-B. (F) Some A are non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contradictory. (T) 
B)  Contrary. (T) 
C)  Contrary. (Und.) 
D)  Subcontrary. (T) 
E)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
A)  Contradictory. (T) 
B)  Contrary. (T) 
C)  Contrary. (Und.) 
D)  Subcontrary. (T) 
E)  Subcontrary. (Und.)

Question 2

No non-A are non-B. (F) No B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
B)  Conversion. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (F) 
D)  Contrary. (Und.) 
E)  Contraposition. (F) 
A)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
B)  Conversion. (Und.) 
C)  Conversion. (F) 
D)  Contrary. (Und.) 
E)  Contraposition. (F)

Question 3

If it quacks, it's a duck.

Accepted Answer

A)  All ducks quack. 
B)  Some animals that are not ducks are animals that do not quack. 
C)  All ducks are animals that quack. 
D)  Some ducks are animals that quack. 
E)  All animals that quack are ducks. 
A)  All ducks quack. 
B)  Some animals that are not ducks are animals that do not quack. 
C)  All ducks are animals that quack. 
D)  Some ducks are animals that quack. 
E)  All animals that quack are ducks.

Question 4

Some A are not non-B. (T) Subcontrary

Accepted Answer

A)  Some A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
C)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
D)  Some A are B. (F) 
E)  Some A are non-B. (F) 
A)  Some A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
C)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
D)  Some A are B. (F) 
E)  Some A are non-B. (F)

Question 5

No flying carpets are dependable vehicles. Therefore, all flying carpets are undependable vehicles.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 6

In Categorical Proposition 1C, the quantity is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Affirmative. 
B)  Universal. 
C)  Particular. 
D)  Negative. 
E)  Some. 
A)  Affirmative. 
B)  Universal. 
C)  Particular. 
D)  Negative. 
E)  Some.

Question 7

All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint)   After filling in the Venn diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
B)  Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. 
C)  There is an X in Area 2, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Area 3 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
E)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1. 
A)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
B)  Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. 
C)  There is an X in Area 2, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Area 3 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
E)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1.

Question 8

Categorical Proposition 1I
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings."

-In Categorical Proposition 1I, the quantifier is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Universal. 
B)  Particular. 
C)  Are. 
D)  Some. 
E)  Are not. 
A)  Universal. 
B)  Particular. 
C)  Are. 
D)  Some. 
E)  Are not.

Question 9

All A are non-B. (F) Obversion

Accepted Answer

A)  No B are non-A. (Und.) 
B)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
C)  All B are non-A. (F) 
D)  No A are non-B. (F) 
E)  No A are B. (F) 
A)  No B are non-A. (Und.) 
B)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
C)  All B are non-A. (F) 
D)  No A are non-B. (F) 
E)  No A are B. (F)

Question 10

Categorical Proposition 1I
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings."

-In Categorical Proposition 1I, the quantity is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Affirmative. 
B)  Particular. 
C)  Universal. 
D)  Negative. 
E)  Some. 
A)  Affirmative. 
B)  Particular. 
C)  Universal. 
D)  Negative. 
E)  Some.

Question 11

Novels are not enjoyable unless they are well written.

Accepted Answer

A)  All enjoyable novels are well written novels. 
B)  Some enjoyable novels are well written novels. 
C)  All well written novels are enjoyable novels. 
D)  No novels that are not enjoyable are well written novels. 
E)  Some novels that are not well written are novels that are not enjoyable. 
A)  All enjoyable novels are well written novels. 
B)  Some enjoyable novels are well written novels. 
C)  All well written novels are enjoyable novels. 
D)  No novels that are not enjoyable are well written novels. 
E)  Some novels that are not well written are novels that are not enjoyable.

Question 12

Some leprechauns are not wealthy dwarfs. Therefore, some wealthy dwarfs are not leprechauns.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
B)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
C)  Valid. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
B)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
C)  Valid. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 13

It is false that some cherry cobblers are desserts that contain anchovies. Therefore, some cherry cobblers are not desserts that contain anchovies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Question 14

All A are B. (T) Contrary

Accepted Answer

A)  No A are B. (Und.) 
B)  All B are A. (Und.) 
C)  Some A are B. (T) 
D)  No A are B. (F) 
E)  No A are non-B. (T) 
A)  No A are B. (Und.) 
B)  All B are A. (Und.) 
C)  Some A are B. (T) 
D)  No A are B. (F) 
E)  No A are non-B. (T)

Question 15

In each problem below you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation/relation to be performed on that statement.  You must identify the new statement and the truth value of the new statement. Take the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
-All non-A are B. (F) Subalternation

Accepted Answer

A)  All non-B are A. (F) 
B)  No non-A are B. (Und.) 
C)  Some non-A are B. (F) 
D)  Some non-A are not B. (T) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (Und.) 
A)  All non-B are A. (F) 
B)  No non-A are B. (Und.) 
C)  Some non-A are B. (F) 
D)  Some non-A are not B. (T) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (Und.)

Question 16

Some A are not non-B. (T) Some A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
B)  Obversion. (T) 
C)  Conversion. (T) 
D)  Contrary. (F) 
E)  Contraposition. (T) 
A)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
B)  Obversion. (T) 
C)  Conversion. (T) 
D)  Contrary. (F) 
E)  Contraposition. (T)

Question 17

Marriages are not tolerable unless they are loving.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some tolerable marriages are loving marriages. 
B)  All loving marriages are tolerable marriages. 
C)  All tolerable marriages are loving marriages. 
D)  All tolerable marriages are loving marriages, and all marriages that are not loving are marriages that are not tolerable. 
E)  No intolerable marriages are loving marriages. 
A)  Some tolerable marriages are loving marriages. 
B)  All loving marriages are tolerable marriages. 
C)  All tolerable marriages are loving marriages. 
D)  All tolerable marriages are loving marriages, and all marriages that are not loving are marriages that are not tolerable. 
E)  No intolerable marriages are loving marriages.

Question 18

In Categorical Proposition 1A, the subject term is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Surveillance techniques that are not legal. 
B)  Warrant. 
C)  Surveillance techniques. 
D)  Wiretaps. 
E)  Wiretaps that are approved without a warrant. 
A)  Surveillance techniques that are not legal. 
B)  Warrant. 
C)  Surveillance techniques. 
D)  Wiretaps. 
E)  Wiretaps that are approved without a warrant.

Question 19

If something isn't a conductor then it isn't made of metal.

Accepted Answer

A)  No things not made of metal are conductors. 
B)  If something is made of metal then it is a conductor. 
C)  All things made of metal are conductors. 
D)  All non-conductors are not things made of metal. 
E)  All conductors are things made of metal. 
A)  No things not made of metal are conductors. 
B)  If something is made of metal then it is a conductor. 
C)  All things made of metal are conductors. 
D)  All non-conductors are not things made of metal. 
E)  All conductors are things made of metal.

Question 20

No popular casinos are establishments without bright lights. Therefore, no establishments with bright lights are unpopular casinos.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Some A are not non-B. (F) Some A are non-B.

No non-A are non-B. (F) No B are A.

If it quacks, it's a duck.

Some A are not non-B. (T) Subcontrary

No flying carpets are dependable vehicles. Therefore, all flying carpets are undependable vehicles.

In Categorical Proposition 1C, the quantity is:

All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

Categorical Proposition 1I Given the categorical proposition: "Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings." -In Categorical Proposition 1I, the quantifier is:

All A are non-B. (F) Obversion

Categorical Proposition 1I Given the categorical proposition: "Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings." -In Categorical Proposition 1I, the quantity is:

Novels are not enjoyable unless they are well written.

Some leprechauns are not wealthy dwarfs. Therefore, some wealthy dwarfs are not leprechauns.

It is false that some cherry cobblers are desserts that contain anchovies. Therefore, some cherry cobblers are not desserts that contain anchovies.

All A are B. (T) Contrary

Some A are not non-B. (T) Some A are B.

Marriages are not tolerable unless they are loving.

In Categorical Proposition 1A, the subject term is:

If something isn't a conductor then it isn't made of metal.

No popular casinos are establishments without bright lights. Therefore, no establishments with bright lights are unpopular casinos.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

Some A are not non-B. (F) Some A are non-B.

No non-A are non-B. (F) No B are A.

If it quacks, it's a duck.

Some A are not non-B. (T) Subcontrary

No flying carpets are dependable vehicles. Therefore, all flying carpets are undependable vehicles.

In Categorical Proposition 1C, the quantity is:

All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

Categorical Proposition 1I Given the categorical proposition: "Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings." -In Categorical Proposition 1I, the quantifier is:

All A are non-B. (F) Obversion

Categorical Proposition 1I Given the categorical proposition: "Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings." -In Categorical Proposition 1I, the quantity is:

Novels are not enjoyable unless they are well written.

Some leprechauns are not wealthy dwarfs. Therefore, some wealthy dwarfs are not leprechauns.

It is false that some cherry cobblers are desserts that contain anchovies. Therefore, some cherry cobblers are not desserts that contain anchovies.

All A are B. (T) Contrary

Some A are not non-B. (T) Some A are B.

Marriages are not tolerable unless they are loving.

In Categorical Proposition 1A, the subject term is:

If something isn't a conductor then it isn't made of metal.

No popular casinos are establishments without bright lights. Therefore, no establishments with bright lights are unpopular casinos.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters