Question 1

Some lamps containing genies are occasions for surprise. Therefore, some occasions for surprise are lamps containing genies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid, no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
A)  Valid, no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit obversion.

Question 2

A few flights are available.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some flights are available. 
B)  Some flights are things that are available. 
C)  Some flights are things that are available and some flights are not things that are available. 
D)  Some flights are not things that are available. 
E)  All flights are not available. 
A)  Some flights are available. 
B)  Some flights are things that are available. 
C)  Some flights are things that are available and some flights are not things that are available. 
D)  Some flights are not things that are available. 
E)  All flights are not available.

Question 3

Some A are non-B. (F) Some A are not non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrary. (Und.) 
B)  Subalternation. (F) 
C)  Contradictory. (T) 
D)  Contraposition. (F) 
E)  Subcontrary. (T) 
A)  Contrary. (Und.) 
B)  Subalternation. (F) 
C)  Contradictory. (T) 
D)  Contraposition. (F) 
E)  Subcontrary. (T)

Question 4

In Categorical Proposition 1E, which terms are distributed?

Accepted Answer

A)  The predicate but not the subject. 
B)  Both the subject and the predicate. 
C)  Neither the subject not the predicate. 
D)  The term complement of the predicate. 
E)  The subject but not the predicate. 
A)  The predicate but not the subject. 
B)  Both the subject and the predicate. 
C)  Neither the subject not the predicate. 
D)  The term complement of the predicate. 
E)  The subject but not the predicate.

Question 5

Some student loans are not lifetime burdens. Therefore, some lifetime burdens are not student loans.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid, no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
D)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
A)  Valid, no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
D)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation.

Question 6

Given the categorical proposition "All cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  No cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing. 
B)  Some cases of asthma are not maladies that affect breathing. 
C)  All cases of asthma are not maladies that affect breathing. 
D)  Some cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing. 
E)  Some cases of asthma are maladies that do not affect breathing. 
A)  No cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing. 
B)  Some cases of asthma are not maladies that affect breathing. 
C)  All cases of asthma are not maladies that affect breathing. 
D)  Some cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing. 
E)  Some cases of asthma are maladies that do not affect breathing.

Question 7

It is false that some three dollar bills are legitimate currencies. Therefore, some three dollar bills are not legitimate currencies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 8

No cruise ships are unsightly vessels. Therefore, no unsightly vessels are cruise ships.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation.

Question 9

Some ski areas are not settings for avalanches. Therefore, no ski areas are settings for avalanches.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation.

Question 10

Some film stars are not Oscar winners. Therefore, some film stars are Oscar winners.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contradictory. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contradictory. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contrary.

Question 11

Some A are not non-B. (T) Subcontrary

Accepted Answer

A)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
C)  Some A are non-B. (Und.) 
D)  Some A are B. (F) 
E)  Some A are non-B. (F) 
A)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
C)  Some A are non-B. (Und.) 
D)  Some A are B. (F) 
E)  Some A are non-B. (F)

Question 12

Some S are not P. (Aristotelian standpoint)   After filling in the diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  There is an X in Area 3. 
B)  There is an X in Area 1. 
C)  Area 1 is shaded. 
D)  There is an X in Area 2. 
E)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1. 
A)  There is an X in Area 3. 
B)  There is an X in Area 1. 
C)  Area 1 is shaded. 
D)  There is an X in Area 2. 
E)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1.

Question 13

It is false that no snow storms are exhilarating events. Therefore, all snow storms are exhilarating events.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
B)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
B)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subalternation.

Question 14

All cable cars are romantic conveyances. Therefore, it is false that no cable cars are romantic conveyances.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 15

No A are non-B. (F) Contrary

Accepted Answer

A)  No non-B are A. (F) 
B)  No non-B are A. (T) 
C)  Some A are non-B. (T) 
D)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
E)  All A are non-B. (T) 
A)  No non-B are A. (F) 
B)  No non-B are A. (T) 
C)  Some A are non-B. (T) 
D)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
E)  All A are non-B. (T)

Question 16

In Categorical Proposition 1G:

Accepted Answer

A)  The subject term is undistributed and the predicate term is distributed. 
B)  The subject term is distributed and the predicate term is undistributed. 
C)  The subject term is universal and the predicate term is particular. 
D)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are distributed. 
E)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are undistributed. 
A)  The subject term is undistributed and the predicate term is distributed. 
B)  The subject term is distributed and the predicate term is undistributed. 
C)  The subject term is universal and the predicate term is particular. 
D)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are distributed. 
E)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are undistributed.

Question 17

No S are P. (Boolean standpoint)   After filling in the Venn diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. 
B)  There is an X in Area 1 and an X in Area 3. 
C)  There is an X in Area 2, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
E)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1. 
A)  Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. 
B)  There is an X in Area 1 and an X in Area 3. 
C)  There is an X in Area 2, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
E)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1.

Question 18

She says what she pleases.

Accepted Answer

A)  All persons identical to her say what they please. 
B)  All things she pleases to say are things she says. 
C)  Some things are things she pleases to say, and some things are not things she pleases to say. 
D)  All things she says are things she pleases to say. 
E)  Some things she says are things she pleases to say. 
A)  All persons identical to her say what they please. 
B)  All things she pleases to say are things she says. 
C)  Some things are things she pleases to say, and some things are not things she pleases to say. 
D)  All things she says are things she pleases to say. 
E)  Some things she says are things she pleases to say.

Question 19

Some term papers are not literary successes. Therefore, no term papers are literary successes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 20

In each problem below, you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement.  You must determine how the new statement is related to the given statement and determine the truth value of the new statement.  Take the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
-Some non-A are non-B. (F) Some B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subcontrary. (T) 
B)  Conversion. (T) 
C)  Conversion. (F) 
D)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
E)  Contraposition. (F) 
A)  Subcontrary. (T) 
B)  Conversion. (T) 
C)  Conversion. (F) 
D)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
E)  Contraposition. (F)

Some lamps containing genies are occasions for surprise. Therefore, some occasions for surprise are lamps containing genies.

A few flights are available.

Some A are non-B. (F) Some A are not non-B.

In Categorical Proposition 1E, which terms are distributed?

Some student loans are not lifetime burdens. Therefore, some lifetime burdens are not student loans.

Given the categorical proposition "All cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

It is false that some three dollar bills are legitimate currencies. Therefore, some three dollar bills are not legitimate currencies.

No cruise ships are unsightly vessels. Therefore, no unsightly vessels are cruise ships.

Some ski areas are not settings for avalanches. Therefore, no ski areas are settings for avalanches.

Some film stars are not Oscar winners. Therefore, some film stars are Oscar winners.

Some A are not non-B. (T) Subcontrary

Some S are not P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the diagram,

It is false that no snow storms are exhilarating events. Therefore, all snow storms are exhilarating events.

All cable cars are romantic conveyances. Therefore, it is false that no cable cars are romantic conveyances.

No A are non-B. (F) Contrary

In Categorical Proposition 1G:

No S are P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

She says what she pleases.

Some term papers are not literary successes. Therefore, no term papers are literary successes.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

Some lamps containing genies are occasions for surprise. Therefore, some occasions for surprise are lamps containing genies.

A few flights are available.

Some A are non-B. (F) Some A are not non-B.

In Categorical Proposition 1E, which terms are distributed?

Some student loans are not lifetime burdens. Therefore, some lifetime burdens are not student loans.

Given the categorical proposition "All cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

It is false that some three dollar bills are legitimate currencies. Therefore, some three dollar bills are not legitimate currencies.

No cruise ships are unsightly vessels. Therefore, no unsightly vessels are cruise ships.

Some ski areas are not settings for avalanches. Therefore, no ski areas are settings for avalanches.

Some film stars are not Oscar winners. Therefore, some film stars are Oscar winners.

Some A are not non-B. (T) Subcontrary

Some S are not P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the diagram,

It is false that no snow storms are exhilarating events. Therefore, all snow storms are exhilarating events.

All cable cars are romantic conveyances. Therefore, it is false that no cable cars are romantic conveyances.

No A are non-B. (F) Contrary

In Categorical Proposition 1G:

No S are P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

She says what she pleases.

Some term papers are not literary successes. Therefore, no term papers are literary successes.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters