Question 1

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

Accepted Answer

A)  No mutual funds are completely without risk. 
B)  No physicians are immune from making mistakes. 
C)  Not every restaurant serves organic food. 
D)  Some carwashes are solar powered operations. 
E)  All sleep aids are not drugs without side effects. 
A)  No mutual funds are completely without risk. 
B)  No physicians are immune from making mistakes. 
C)  Not every restaurant serves organic food. 
D)  Some carwashes are solar powered operations. 
E)  All sleep aids are not drugs without side effects.

Question 2

In Categorical Proposition 1D, the subject term is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Email messages. 
B)  Communications. 
C)  Communications that are not entitled to responses. 
D)  Email messages that are solicitations for private information. 
E)  Solicitations for private information. 
A)  Email messages. 
B)  Communications. 
C)  Communications that are not entitled to responses. 
D)  Email messages that are solicitations for private information. 
E)  Solicitations for private information.

Question 3

Some A are not B. (F) Contraposition

Accepted Answer

A)  Some B are not non-A. (F) 
B)  Some non-B are not non-A. (F) 
C)  Some A are B. (T) 
D)  Some non-B are not non-A. (Und.) 
E)  Some B are not A. (Und.) 
A)  Some B are not non-A. (F) 
B)  Some non-B are not non-A. (F) 
C)  Some A are B. (T) 
D)  Some non-B are not non-A. (Und.) 
E)  Some B are not A. (Und.)

Question 4

No A are non-B. (T) No B are non-A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contraposition. (T) 
B)  Obversion. (T) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Conversion. (T) 
E)  Conversion. (Und.) 
A)  Contraposition. (T) 
B)  Obversion. (T) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Conversion. (T) 
E)  Conversion. (Und.)

Question 5

In Categorical Proposition 1G, the quality is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Universal. 
B)  Particular. 
C)  Negative. 
D)  None of the others. 
E)  Undistributed 
A)  Universal. 
B)  Particular. 
C)  Negative. 
D)  None of the others. 
E)  Undistributed

Question 6

A few heroes are not recognized.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some heroes are recognized persons, and some heroes are not recognized persons. 
B)  Some heroes are not recognized persons. 
C)  Some heroes are recognized persons. 
D)  Some recognized persons are not heroes. 
E)  Some heroes are not recognized. 
A)  Some heroes are recognized persons, and some heroes are not recognized persons. 
B)  Some heroes are not recognized persons. 
C)  Some heroes are recognized persons. 
D)  Some recognized persons are not heroes. 
E)  Some heroes are not recognized.

Question 7

All A are B. (F) No A are B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrary. (T) 
B)  Contradictory. (T) 
C)  Contrary. (Und.) 
D)  Subcontrary. (T) 
E)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
A)  Contrary. (T) 
B)  Contradictory. (T) 
C)  Contrary. (Und.) 
D)  Subcontrary. (T) 
E)  Subcontrary. (Und.)

Question 8

Some toxic waste dumps are environmental hazards. Therefore, all toxic waste dumps are environmental hazards.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contrary.

Question 9

Canaries are chirping in the aviary.

Accepted Answer

A)  All canaries are birds chirping in the aviary. 
B)  Some canaries are birds chirping in the aviary. 
C)  Some birds chirping in the aviary are not canaries. 
D)  Some canaries are chirping in the aviary. 
E)  All birds chirping in the aviary are canaries. 
A)  All canaries are birds chirping in the aviary. 
B)  Some canaries are birds chirping in the aviary. 
C)  Some birds chirping in the aviary are not canaries. 
D)  Some canaries are chirping in the aviary. 
E)  All birds chirping in the aviary are canaries.

Question 10

Some A are non-B. (F) Subalternation

Accepted Answer

A)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
C)  Some B are non-A. (Und.) 
D)  All A are non-B. (F) 
E)  Some A are not non-B. (Und.) 
A)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
B)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
C)  Some B are non-A. (Und.) 
D)  All A are non-B. (F) 
E)  Some A are not non-B. (Und.)

Question 11

Some A are not non-B. (F) Contradiction

Accepted Answer

A)  Some A are non-B. (T) 
B)  All A are non-B. (T) 
C)  Some B are not non-A. (F) 
D)  Some A are non-B. (T). 
E)  Some A are B. (T) 
A)  Some A are non-B. (T) 
B)  All A are non-B. (T) 
C)  Some B are not non-A. (F) 
D)  Some A are non-B. (T). 
E)  Some A are B. (T)

Question 12

No A are non-B. (T) No non-B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conversion. (T) 
B)  Conversion. (F) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Conversion. (Und.) 
E)  Obversion. (T) 
A)  Conversion. (T) 
B)  Conversion. (F) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Conversion. (Und.) 
E)  Obversion. (T)

Question 13

It is false that no blue jays are pesky creatures. Therefore, all blue jays are pesky creatures.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
E)  Valid; illicit subalternation. 
A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
E)  Valid; illicit subalternation.

Question 14

There are potatoes in the soup.

Accepted Answer

A)  All potatoes are things in the soup. 
B)  Some potatoes are things in the soup and some things that are not potatoes are things in the soup. 
C)  Some things in the soup are not potatoes. 
D)  All things in the soup are not potatoes. 
E)  Some potatoes are things in the soup. 
A)  All potatoes are things in the soup. 
B)  Some potatoes are things in the soup and some things that are not potatoes are things in the soup. 
C)  Some things in the soup are not potatoes. 
D)  All things in the soup are not potatoes. 
E)  Some potatoes are things in the soup.

Question 15

Some trolls are not alligators. Therefore, some alligators are not trolls.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
B)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
D)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
E)  Valid; no fallacy. 
A)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
B)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
D)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
E)  Valid; no fallacy.

Question 16

Some politicians are not statesmen. Therefore, some politicians are statesmen.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Valid; unnamed fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Valid; unnamed fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary.

Question 17

No A are non-B. (T) Obversion

Accepted Answer

A)  All A are B. (T) 
B)  No A are B. (F) 
C)  All non-A are B. (T) 
D)  No non-B are A. (T) 
E)  All non-A are non-B. (F) 
A)  All A are B. (T) 
B)  No A are B. (F) 
C)  All non-A are B. (T) 
D)  No non-B are A. (T) 
E)  All non-A are non-B. (F)

Question 18

No uncooked vegetables are healthy vegetables. Therefore, no unhealthy vegetables are cooked vegetables.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
B)  Valid. 
C)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
A)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
B)  Valid. 
C)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contraposition.

Question 19

Given the categorical proposition "Some allergies are not mortal afflictions." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  No allergies are mortal afflictions. 
B)  No allergies are not mortal afflictions. 
C)  All allergies are mortal afflictions. 
D)  Some allergies are mortal afflictions. 
E)  All allergies are not mortal afflictions. 
A)  No allergies are mortal afflictions. 
B)  No allergies are not mortal afflictions. 
C)  All allergies are mortal afflictions. 
D)  Some allergies are mortal afflictions. 
E)  All allergies are not mortal afflictions.

Question 20

She sings when she's happy.

Accepted Answer

A)  All times she's happy are times she sings. 
B)  Some times she sings are times she's happy. 
C)  All times she sings are times she's happy. 
D)  All persons who sing are persons who are happy. 
E)  All persons identical to her sing when they are happy. 
A)  All times she's happy are times she sings. 
B)  Some times she sings are times she's happy. 
C)  All times she sings are times she's happy. 
D)  All persons who sing are persons who are happy. 
E)  All persons identical to her sing when they are happy.

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

In Categorical Proposition 1D, the subject term is:

Some A are not B. (F) Contraposition

No A are non-B. (T) No B are non-A.

In Categorical Proposition 1G, the quality is:

A few heroes are not recognized.

All A are B. (F) No A are B.

Some toxic waste dumps are environmental hazards. Therefore, all toxic waste dumps are environmental hazards.

Canaries are chirping in the aviary.

Some A are non-B. (F) Subalternation

Some A are not non-B. (F) Contradiction

No A are non-B. (T) No non-B are A.

It is false that no blue jays are pesky creatures. Therefore, all blue jays are pesky creatures.

There are potatoes in the soup.

Some trolls are not alligators. Therefore, some alligators are not trolls.

Some politicians are not statesmen. Therefore, some politicians are statesmen.

No A are non-B. (T) Obversion

No uncooked vegetables are healthy vegetables. Therefore, no unhealthy vegetables are cooked vegetables.

Given the categorical proposition "Some allergies are not mortal afflictions." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

She sings when she's happy.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

In Categorical Proposition 1D, the subject term is:

Some A are not B. (F) Contraposition

No A are non-B. (T) No B are non-A.

In Categorical Proposition 1G, the quality is:

A few heroes are not recognized.

All A are B. (F) No A are B.

Some toxic waste dumps are environmental hazards. Therefore, all toxic waste dumps are environmental hazards.

Canaries are chirping in the aviary.

Some A are non-B. (F) Subalternation

Some A are not non-B. (F) Contradiction

No A are non-B. (T) No non-B are A.

It is false that no blue jays are pesky creatures. Therefore, all blue jays are pesky creatures.

There are potatoes in the soup.

Some trolls are not alligators. Therefore, some alligators are not trolls.

Some politicians are not statesmen. Therefore, some politicians are statesmen.

No A are non-B. (T) Obversion

No uncooked vegetables are healthy vegetables. Therefore, no unhealthy vegetables are cooked vegetables.

Given the categorical proposition "Some allergies are not mortal afflictions." If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:

She sings when she's happy.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters