Question 1

No tooth fairies are clumsy buffoons. Therefore, it is false that all tooth fairies are clumsy buffoons.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary.

Question 2

Some S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint)   After filling in the Venn diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
B)  There is an X in Area 2, and there are no other marks. 
C)  There is a circled X in Area 2 and there are no other marks. 
D)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1 
E)  There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks. 
A)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
B)  There is an X in Area 2, and there are no other marks. 
C)  There is a circled X in Area 2 and there are no other marks. 
D)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1 
E)  There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks.

Question 3

Some A are B. (T) Some A are not non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Obversion. (T) 
B)  Contradictory. (F) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Contrary. (F) 
E)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
A)  Obversion. (T) 
B)  Contradictory. (F) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Contrary. (F) 
E)  Subcontrary. (Und.)

Question 4

In Categorical Proposition 1B, the quantity is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some. 
B)  Affirmative. 
C)  Universal. 
D)  Particular. 
E)  Negative. 
A)  Some. 
B)  Affirmative. 
C)  Universal. 
D)  Particular. 
E)  Negative.

Question 5

Some S are not P. (Boolean standpoint)   After filling in the Venn diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 2. 
B)  Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
C)  There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. 
E)  There is an X in Area 1 and in Area 2. 
A)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 2. 
B)  Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
C)  There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. 
E)  There is an X in Area 1 and in Area 2.

Question 6

None but scoundrels are villains.

Accepted Answer

A)  No scoundrels are villains, and all non-scoundrels are villains. 
B)  All scoundrels are villains. 
C)  All villains are scoundrels. 
D)  No scoundrels are villains. 
E)  All non-villains are non-scoundrels. 
A)  No scoundrels are villains, and all non-scoundrels are villains. 
B)  All scoundrels are villains. 
C)  All villains are scoundrels. 
D)  No scoundrels are villains. 
E)  All non-villains are non-scoundrels.

Question 7

Not every student will graduate.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some students will not graduate. 
B)  All students are not persons who will graduate. 
C)  Some students are not persons who will graduate. 
D)  Some persons who will graduate are not students. 
E)  Some persons who will not graduate are persons other than students. 
A)  Some students will not graduate. 
B)  All students are not persons who will graduate. 
C)  Some students are not persons who will graduate. 
D)  Some persons who will graduate are not students. 
E)  Some persons who will not graduate are persons other than students.

Question 8

The categorical proposition "Some clinical trials are not pointless experiments" is an:

Accepted Answer

A)  I-type. 
B)  U-type. 
C)  E-type. 
D)  O-type. 
E)  A-type. 
A)  I-type. 
B)  U-type. 
C)  E-type. 
D)  O-type. 
E)  A-type.

Question 9

Given the categorical proposition "Some genetic mutations are occurrences that lead to disease." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some genetic mutations are not occurrences that lead to disease. 
B)  All genetic mutations are occurrences that lead to disease. 
C)  No genetic mutations are occurrences that lead to disease. 
D)  All genetic mutations are occurrences that do not lead to disease. 
E)  Some occurrences that lead to disease are genetic mutations. 
A)  Some genetic mutations are not occurrences that lead to disease. 
B)  All genetic mutations are occurrences that lead to disease. 
C)  No genetic mutations are occurrences that lead to disease. 
D)  All genetic mutations are occurrences that do not lead to disease. 
E)  Some occurrences that lead to disease are genetic mutations.

Question 10

The statement "No government bonds are securities that pay high interest" is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  E-proposition. 
B)  O-proposition. 
C)  S-proposition. 
D)  A-proposition. 
E)  I-proposition. 
A)  E-proposition. 
B)  O-proposition. 
C)  S-proposition. 
D)  A-proposition. 
E)  I-proposition.

Question 11

All the desserts except the creampuffs are available.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some creampuffs are available and some creampuffs are not available. 
B)  No creampuffs are desserts that are available and all desserts that are not creampuffs are desserts that are available. 
C)  No creampuffs are desserts that are available. 
D)  All creampuffs are desserts that are available and no desserts that are not creampuffs are desserts that are available. 
E)  All desserts that are not creampuffs are desserts that are available. 
A)  Some creampuffs are available and some creampuffs are not available. 
B)  No creampuffs are desserts that are available and all desserts that are not creampuffs are desserts that are available. 
C)  No creampuffs are desserts that are available. 
D)  All creampuffs are desserts that are available and no desserts that are not creampuffs are desserts that are available. 
E)  All desserts that are not creampuffs are desserts that are available.

Question 12

Few students are truly dedicated.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some students are not truly dedicated people. 
B)  Not all students are people who are truly dedicated. 
C)  Some students are truly dedicated people. 
D)  Some students are truly dedicated people, and some students are not truly dedicated people. 
E)  No students are truly dedicated people. 
A)  Some students are not truly dedicated people. 
B)  Not all students are people who are truly dedicated. 
C)  Some students are truly dedicated people. 
D)  Some students are truly dedicated people, and some students are not truly dedicated people. 
E)  No students are truly dedicated people.

Question 13

In Categorical Proposition 1H, the quality is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative. 
B)  Are. 
C)  Affirmative. 
D)  Universal. 
E)  Particular. 
A)  Negative. 
B)  Are. 
C)  Affirmative. 
D)  Universal. 
E)  Particular.

Question 14

No sand castles are permanent structures. Therefore, some sand castles are not permanent structures.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Question 15

Some A are non-B. (T) Some non-B are A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contraposition. (T) 
B)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Obversion. (T) 
E)  Conversion. (T) 
A)  Contraposition. (T) 
B)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Obversion. (T) 
E)  Conversion. (T)

Question 16

In Categorical Proposition 1A, the quality is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Not. 
B)  Universal. 
C)  Negative. 
D)  Affirmative. 
E)  Particular 
A)  Not. 
B)  Universal. 
C)  Negative. 
D)  Affirmative. 
E)  Particular

Question 17

Some mistakes are not enduring tragedies. Therefore, no mistakes are enduring tragedies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 18

None but benefactors are philanthropists.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some benefactors are not philanthropists. 
B)  All philanthropists are benefactors. 
C)  All people who are not philanthropists are people who are not benefactors. 
D)  No people who are not philanthropists are benefactors. 
E)  All benefactors are philanthropists. 
A)  Some benefactors are not philanthropists. 
B)  All philanthropists are benefactors. 
C)  All people who are not philanthropists are people who are not benefactors. 
D)  No people who are not philanthropists are benefactors. 
E)  All benefactors are philanthropists.

Question 19

All A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Accepted Answer

A)  All B are non-A. (Und.) 
B)  All non-A are B. (F) 
C)  All non-B are A. (Und.) 
D)  No A are B. (F) 
E)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
A)  All B are non-A. (Und.) 
B)  All non-A are B. (F) 
C)  All non-B are A. (Und.) 
D)  No A are B. (F) 
E)  No A are non-B. (Und.)

Question 20

It is false that some flu shots are guarantees of immunity. Therefore, some flu shots are not guarantees of immunity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contraposition.

No tooth fairies are clumsy buffoons. Therefore, it is false that all tooth fairies are clumsy buffoons.

Some S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

Some A are B. (T) Some A are not non-B.

In Categorical Proposition 1B, the quantity is:

Some S are not P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

None but scoundrels are villains.

Not every student will graduate.

The categorical proposition "Some clinical trials are not pointless experiments" is an:

Given the categorical proposition "Some genetic mutations are occurrences that lead to disease." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

The statement "No government bonds are securities that pay high interest" is a(n):

All the desserts except the creampuffs are available.

Few students are truly dedicated.

In Categorical Proposition 1H, the quality is:

No sand castles are permanent structures. Therefore, some sand castles are not permanent structures.

Some A are non-B. (T) Some non-B are A.

In Categorical Proposition 1A, the quality is:

Some mistakes are not enduring tragedies. Therefore, no mistakes are enduring tragedies.

None but benefactors are philanthropists.

All A are non-B. (F) Conversion

It is false that some flu shots are guarantees of immunity. Therefore, some flu shots are not guarantees of immunity.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

No tooth fairies are clumsy buffoons. Therefore, it is false that all tooth fairies are clumsy buffoons.

Some S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

Some A are B. (T) Some A are not non-B.

In Categorical Proposition 1B, the quantity is:

Some S are not P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

None but scoundrels are villains.

Not every student will graduate.

The categorical proposition "Some clinical trials are not pointless experiments" is an:

Given the categorical proposition "Some genetic mutations are occurrences that lead to disease." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

The statement "No government bonds are securities that pay high interest" is a(n):

All the desserts except the creampuffs are available.

Few students are truly dedicated.

In Categorical Proposition 1H, the quality is:

No sand castles are permanent structures. Therefore, some sand castles are not permanent structures.

Some A are non-B. (T) Some non-B are A.

In Categorical Proposition 1A, the quality is:

Some mistakes are not enduring tragedies. Therefore, no mistakes are enduring tragedies.

None but benefactors are philanthropists.

All A are non-B. (F) Conversion

It is false that some flu shots are guarantees of immunity. Therefore, some flu shots are not guarantees of immunity.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters