Question 1

All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint)   After filling in the Venn diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
B)  Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
C)  There is an X in Area 2, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Area 3 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
E)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1. 
A)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
B)  Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
C)  There is an X in Area 2, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Area 3 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
E)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1.

Question 2

The proposition "No flight delays are occurrences welcomed by passengers" is an:

Accepted Answer

A)  I-type. 
B)  U-type. 
C)  E-type. 
D)  O-type. 
E)  A-type. 
A)  I-type. 
B)  U-type. 
C)  E-type. 
D)  O-type. 
E)  A-type.

Question 3

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

Accepted Answer

A)  No same-sex marriages are supported by evangelical Christians. 
B)  All political donors expect hefty paybacks from politicians. 
C)  Some face lifts are less than successful procedures. 
D)  High-speed chases are accidents waiting to happen. 
E)  Some corporate shake-ups have reverberations affecting all employees. 
A)  No same-sex marriages are supported by evangelical Christians. 
B)  All political donors expect hefty paybacks from politicians. 
C)  Some face lifts are less than successful procedures. 
D)  High-speed chases are accidents waiting to happen. 
E)  Some corporate shake-ups have reverberations affecting all employees.

Question 4

All treasury notes are secure investments. Therefore, all secure investments are treasury notes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 5

A child screamed.

Accepted Answer

A)  All children are persons who screamed. 
B)  No persons who screamed are non-children. 
C)  Some children are persons who screamed. 
D)  Some children are persons who did not scream. 
E)  Some persons who screamed are not children. 
A)  All children are persons who screamed. 
B)  No persons who screamed are non-children. 
C)  Some children are persons who screamed. 
D)  Some children are persons who did not scream. 
E)  Some persons who screamed are not children.

Question 6

Given the categorical proposition "Some franchises are moneymakers." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  All franchises are not moneymakers. 
B)  Some franchises are moneymakers. 
C)  All franchises are moneymakers. 
D)  No Franchises are moneymakers. 
E)  Some franchises are not moneymakers. 
A)  All franchises are not moneymakers. 
B)  Some franchises are moneymakers. 
C)  All franchises are moneymakers. 
D)  No Franchises are moneymakers. 
E)  Some franchises are not moneymakers.

Question 7

Some A are B. (T) Obversion

Accepted Answer

A)  Some B are A. (T) 
B)  Some non-B are non-A. (T) 
C)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
D)  Some non-A are not non-B. (T) 
E)  Some non-A are not B. (Und.) 
A)  Some B are A. (T) 
B)  Some non-B are non-A. (T) 
C)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
D)  Some non-A are not non-B. (T) 
E)  Some non-A are not B. (Und.)

Question 8

All mermaids are swimmers. Therefore, no mermaids are non-swimmers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; illicit obversion. 
B)  Valid; no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
A)  Invalid; illicit obversion. 
B)  Valid; no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid; illicit contraposition.

Question 9

Some guilty defendants are not believable witnesses. Therefore, some unbelievable witnesses are not innocent defendants.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
B)  Valid; no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
B)  Valid; no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid; illicit subcontrary.

Question 10

Nairobi is in Kenya.

Accepted Answer

A)  All places like Nairobi are places in Kenya. 
B)  All cities not identical to Nairobi are cities not in Kenya. 
C)  All Nairobis are in Kenya. 
D)  All cities identical to Nairobi are cities in Kenya. 
E)  Some cities identical to Nairobi are cities in Kenya. 
A)  All places like Nairobi are places in Kenya. 
B)  All cities not identical to Nairobi are cities not in Kenya. 
C)  All Nairobis are in Kenya. 
D)  All cities identical to Nairobi are cities in Kenya. 
E)  Some cities identical to Nairobi are cities in Kenya.

Question 11

All trolls are ugly creatures. Therefore, no trolls are beautiful creatures.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; illicit obversion. 
B)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Valid; no fallacy. 
A)  Invalid; illicit obversion. 
B)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Valid; no fallacy.

Question 12

Not every student will graduate.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some students will not graduate. 
B)  All students are not persons who will graduate. 
C)  Some persons who will graduate are not students. 
D)  Some students are not persons who will graduate. 
E)  No persons who will graduate are non-students. 
A)  Some students will not graduate. 
B)  All students are not persons who will graduate. 
C)  Some persons who will graduate are not students. 
D)  Some students are not persons who will graduate. 
E)  No persons who will graduate are non-students.

Question 13

There is a cat on the roof.

Accepted Answer

A)  All animals on the roof are cats. 
B)  All cats are animals on the roof. 
C)  Some cats are animals on the roof and some cats are not animals on the roof. 
D)  Some cats are animals on the roof. 
E)  Some things identical to a roof are places there is a cat. 
A)  All animals on the roof are cats. 
B)  All cats are animals on the roof. 
C)  Some cats are animals on the roof and some cats are not animals on the roof. 
D)  Some cats are animals on the roof. 
E)  Some things identical to a roof are places there is a cat.

Question 14

No painkillers are drugs entirely without side effects. Therefore, it is false that all painkillers are drugs entirely without side effects.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid, illicit conversion.

Question 15

Categorical Proposition 1I
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings."

-In Categorical Proposition 1I, the quality is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Affirmative. 
B)  Universal. 
C)  Negative. 
D)  Not. 
E)  Particular 
A)  Affirmative. 
B)  Universal. 
C)  Negative. 
D)  Not. 
E)  Particular

Question 16

All tooth fairies are silent visitors. Therefore, no tooth fairies are noisy visitors.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Valid, no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary.

Question 17

All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint)   After filling in the diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 3 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
B)  Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. 
C)  Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
E)  There is a circled X in Area 2, and there are no other marks. 
A)  Area 3 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
B)  Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. 
C)  Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
D)  Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2. 
E)  There is a circled X in Area 2, and there are no other marks.

Question 18

Given the categorical proposition "No optical-scan voting machines are devices vulnerable to hackers." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Some optical-scan voting machines are not devices vulnerable to hackers. 
B)  No optical-scan voting machines are devices that are not vulnerable to hackers. 
C)  Some optical-scan voting machines are devices vulnerable to hackers. 
D)  All optical-scan voting machines are devices vulnerable to hackers. 
E)  No optical-scan voting machines are devices vulnerable to hackers. 
A)  Some optical-scan voting machines are not devices vulnerable to hackers. 
B)  No optical-scan voting machines are devices that are not vulnerable to hackers. 
C)  Some optical-scan voting machines are devices vulnerable to hackers. 
D)  All optical-scan voting machines are devices vulnerable to hackers. 
E)  No optical-scan voting machines are devices vulnerable to hackers.

Question 19

Some unhappy unicorns are not appreciative creatures. Therefore, some unappreciative creatures are not happy unicorns.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
B)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
B)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary.

Question 20

Some friendly gnomes are creatures that live below ground. Therefore, some creatures that live above ground are unfriendly gnomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Valid, no fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
C)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Valid, no fallacy.

All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

The proposition "No flight delays are occurrences welcomed by passengers" is an:

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

All treasury notes are secure investments. Therefore, all secure investments are treasury notes.

A child screamed.

Given the categorical proposition "Some franchises are moneymakers." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Some A are B. (T) Obversion

All mermaids are swimmers. Therefore, no mermaids are non-swimmers.

Some guilty defendants are not believable witnesses. Therefore, some unbelievable witnesses are not innocent defendants.

Nairobi is in Kenya.

All trolls are ugly creatures. Therefore, no trolls are beautiful creatures.

Not every student will graduate.

There is a cat on the roof.

No painkillers are drugs entirely without side effects. Therefore, it is false that all painkillers are drugs entirely without side effects.

Categorical Proposition 1I Given the categorical proposition: "Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings." -In Categorical Proposition 1I, the quality is:

All tooth fairies are silent visitors. Therefore, no tooth fairies are noisy visitors.

All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the diagram,

Given the categorical proposition "No optical-scan voting machines are devices vulnerable to hackers." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Some unhappy unicorns are not appreciative creatures. Therefore, some unappreciative creatures are not happy unicorns.

Some friendly gnomes are creatures that live below ground. Therefore, some creatures that live above ground are unfriendly gnomes.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the Venn diagram,

The proposition "No flight delays are occurrences welcomed by passengers" is an:

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

All treasury notes are secure investments. Therefore, all secure investments are treasury notes.

A child screamed.

Given the categorical proposition "Some franchises are moneymakers." If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:

Some A are B. (T) Obversion

All mermaids are swimmers. Therefore, no mermaids are non-swimmers.

Some guilty defendants are not believable witnesses. Therefore, some unbelievable witnesses are not innocent defendants.

Nairobi is in Kenya.

All trolls are ugly creatures. Therefore, no trolls are beautiful creatures.

Not every student will graduate.

There is a cat on the roof.

No painkillers are drugs entirely without side effects. Therefore, it is false that all painkillers are drugs entirely without side effects.

Categorical Proposition 1I Given the categorical proposition: "Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings." -In Categorical Proposition 1I, the quality is:

All tooth fairies are silent visitors. Therefore, no tooth fairies are noisy visitors.

All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the diagram,

Given the categorical proposition "No optical-scan voting machines are devices vulnerable to hackers." If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:

Some unhappy unicorns are not appreciative creatures. Therefore, some unappreciative creatures are not happy unicorns.

Some friendly gnomes are creatures that live below ground. Therefore, some creatures that live above ground are unfriendly gnomes.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters