Question 1

What is herd immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  the protection offered to you by the size of your country, as it limits potential outside contact with an infected individual 
B)  at least 25 percent of the population needs to be immune before those too poor to receive the vaccination can be protected 
C)  small communities protect their children from being exposed to outside pathogens by limiting the contact their children have with outside visitors or workers 
D)  the only protection available to those who are unable to receive immunizations due to medical reasons 
E)  the only protection available to those who choose not to receive immunizations due to religious belief 
A)  the protection offered to you by the size of your country, as it limits potential outside contact with an infected individual 
B)  at least 25 percent of the population needs to be immune before those too poor to receive the vaccination can be protected 
C)  small communities protect their children from being exposed to outside pathogens by limiting the contact their children have with outside visitors or workers 
D)  the only protection available to those who are unable to receive immunizations due to medical reasons 
E)  the only protection available to those who choose not to receive immunizations due to religious belief D

Question 2

Which of the following is an endogenous source of infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  contact with another person 
B)  contaminated medical equipment 
C)  zoonotic disease 
D)  contaminated food 
E)  bacteria from the skin entering a surgical incision 
A)  contact with another person 
B)  contaminated medical equipment 
C)  zoonotic disease 
D)  contaminated food 
E)  bacteria from the skin entering a surgical incision E

Question 3

What is the definition of morbidity?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of deaths during a specific time period 
B)  existence of disease 
C)  death 
D)  deaths due to sexually transmitted infections during a specific time period 
E)  the number of infections during a specific time period 
A)  the number of deaths during a specific time period 
B)  existence of disease 
C)  death 
D)  deaths due to sexually transmitted infections during a specific time period 
E)  the number of infections during a specific time period B

Question 4

Chronic diseases have a rapid onset and progression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Why are Koch's postulates important to microbiology?

Accepted Answer

A)  They enable us to characterize the species of the infectious disease whether it is a bacteria, virus, or fungi. 
B)  They provide a way to select the most effective concentration of antibiotic to use for a patient. 
C)  They demonstrate the preferred route of infection for a particular disease. 
D)  They allowed us to identify the causative pathogens of many infectious diseases. 
E)  They explain how a particular disease produces specified signs in a patient. 
A)  They enable us to characterize the species of the infectious disease whether it is a bacteria, virus, or fungi. 
B)  They provide a way to select the most effective concentration of antibiotic to use for a patient. 
C)  They demonstrate the preferred route of infection for a particular disease. 
D)  They allowed us to identify the causative pathogens of many infectious diseases. 
E)  They explain how a particular disease produces specified signs in a patient.

Question 6

Endemic infections

Accepted Answer

A)  are infections that are life threatening if not treated in a timely manner. 
B)  are infections that have only been recorded within the past 1,000 years and not before. 
C)  are infections that are believed to be cured and wiped out by the year 2050. 
D)  are isolated infections in a particular population. 
E)  are routinely detected in a population or region. 
A)  are infections that are life threatening if not treated in a timely manner. 
B)  are infections that have only been recorded within the past 1,000 years and not before. 
C)  are infections that are believed to be cured and wiped out by the year 2050. 
D)  are isolated infections in a particular population. 
E)  are routinely detected in a population or region.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a reason(s) that we see an increased rate of disease emergence?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased water quality 
B)  climate change 
C)  changes in sociocultural practices (such as injectable illicit drugs, widespread global travel, and increased food processing and handling) 
D)  deforestation and urbanization 
E)  population crowding 
A)  decreased water quality 
B)  climate change 
C)  changes in sociocultural practices (such as injectable illicit drugs, widespread global travel, and increased food processing and handling) 
D)  deforestation and urbanization 
E)  population crowding

Question 8

Which of the following key HAI's is not associated with its correct cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli: Urinary tract infections and bacteremia 
B)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Causes infections in burn patients, catheterized patients, and people on ventilators 
C)  Clostridium difficile: Causes acute illness that is followed by a high risk of chronic infection that causes severe liver damage and increases the risk of liver cancer 
D)  Vancomycin- resistant enterococci (VR
E) : Causes wound, bloodstream, and urinary tract infections 
E)  Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRS
A) : Causes dangerous infections of surgical wounds, bedsores, and central lines; primarily transmitted by touch 
A)  E. coli: Urinary tract infections and bacteremia 
B)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Causes infections in burn patients, catheterized patients, and people on ventilators 
C)  Clostridium difficile: Causes acute illness that is followed by a high risk of chronic infection that causes severe liver damage and increases the risk of liver cancer 
D)  Vancomycin- resistant enterococci (VR
E) : Causes wound, bloodstream, and urinary tract infections 
E)  Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRS
A) : Causes dangerous infections of surgical wounds, bedsores, and central lines; primarily transmitted by touch

Question 9

What is the order of the five stages of infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  prodromal phase, acute phase, incubation period, period of decline, convalescent phase 
B)  incubation period, acute phase, prodromal phase, convalescent phase, period of decline 
C)  incubation period, prodromal phase, acute phase, period of decline, convalescent phase 
D)  acute phase, incubation period, prodromal phase, convalescent phase, period of decline 
E)  acute phase, prodromal phase, incubation period, convalescent phase, period of decline 
A)  prodromal phase, acute phase, incubation period, period of decline, convalescent phase 
B)  incubation period, acute phase, prodromal phase, convalescent phase, period of decline 
C)  incubation period, prodromal phase, acute phase, period of decline, convalescent phase 
D)  acute phase, incubation period, prodromal phase, convalescent phase, period of decline 
E)  acute phase, prodromal phase, incubation period, convalescent phase, period of decline

Question 10

Which of the following would not be important when evaluating measures of frequency?

Accepted Answer

A)  incidence rate 
B)  how long the infection lasts 
C)  prevalence rate 
D)  how the population is defined 
E)  factors that may be linked to cases of the disease 
A)  incidence rate 
B)  how long the infection lasts 
C)  prevalence rate 
D)  how the population is defined 
E)  factors that may be linked to cases of the disease

Question 11

The acute phase of an infectious disease, when the pathogen levels are the highest, is the most contagious stage of any pathogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following factors would make eradication of a disease harder?

Accepted Answer

A)  does not cause latent infections 
B)  easily identifiable 
C)  treatable or preventable 
D)  only humans transmit and catch 
E)  longer incubation period 
A)  does not cause latent infections 
B)  easily identifiable 
C)  treatable or preventable 
D)  only humans transmit and catch 
E)  longer incubation period

Question 13

It can be challenging to accurately determine incidence rate for diseases with high percentages of asymptomatic cases or when a pathogen mutates to become more infective and/or virulent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Why are epidemiological measures useful?

Accepted Answer

A)  They specify how much protection you need if coming into contact with someone that has the disease. 
B)  They help to track down patient zero. 
C)  They allow physicians to estimate when a patient can return to work. 
D)  They allow the CDC to profile those most likely to need quarantine. 
E)  They provide insight as to where public health campaigns or prevention efforts may be needed most. 
A)  They specify how much protection you need if coming into contact with someone that has the disease. 
B)  They help to track down patient zero. 
C)  They allow physicians to estimate when a patient can return to work. 
D)  They allow the CDC to profile those most likely to need quarantine. 
E)  They provide insight as to where public health campaigns or prevention efforts may be needed most.

Question 15

If you had to choose to be either a chronic carrier or an asymptomatic carrier, which would you choose any why?

Accepted Answer

A)  asymptomatic carrier because I wouldn't experience any symptoms 
B)  chronic carrier because I would only spread the infection when having symptoms 
C)  asymptomatic carrier because after the initial symptomatic infection I would only experience symptoms from time to time 
D)  chronic carrier because I would be infected but never show signs or symptoms 
E)  asymptomatic carrier because I wouldn't spread the infection 
A)  asymptomatic carrier because I wouldn't experience any symptoms 
B)  chronic carrier because I would only spread the infection when having symptoms 
C)  asymptomatic carrier because after the initial symptomatic infection I would only experience symptoms from time to time 
D)  chronic carrier because I would be infected but never show signs or symptoms 
E)  asymptomatic carrier because I wouldn't spread the infection

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 in 4 people currently has a sexually transmitted disease. 
B)  80 percent of women with gonorrhea do not have symptoms. 
C)  About 4,932 people become infected with HIV each day. 
D)  6 out of 10 deaths due to stroke are in women. 
E)  In the United States, in people age 65 and older, there are 0.77 male/female. 
A)  1 in 4 people currently has a sexually transmitted disease. 
B)  80 percent of women with gonorrhea do not have symptoms. 
C)  About 4,932 people become infected with HIV each day. 
D)  6 out of 10 deaths due to stroke are in women. 
E)  In the United States, in people age 65 and older, there are 0.77 male/female.

Question 17

When is knowing the host and environmental factors that lead to a disease more important to saving lives than knowing the etiological causative agent?

Accepted Answer

A)  when the disease is spread through sexual contact 
B)  when specific health factors within a person's control are particularly risky 
C)  when the host range is very large 
D)  when the source of infection is a particular geographical location 
E)  when there is no cure for the disease 
A)  when the disease is spread through sexual contact 
B)  when specific health factors within a person's control are particularly risky 
C)  when the host range is very large 
D)  when the source of infection is a particular geographical location 
E)  when there is no cure for the disease

Question 18

Which of the following would not be important when evaluating measures of association?

Accepted Answer

A)  number of sexual partners 
B)  geographical area 
C)  ethnicity 
D)  duration of the disease 
E)  age 
A)  number of sexual partners 
B)  geographical area 
C)  ethnicity 
D)  duration of the disease 
E)  age

Question 19

Explain how and why healthcare epidemiology programs are essential to quality care.

Accepted Answer

Healthcare epidemiology programs reduce

Question 20

Which of the following is an indirect infectious disease transmission mode?

Accepted Answer

A)  person to person 
B)  vehicle 
C)  animal 
D)  environment 
E)  vertical 
A)  person to person 
B)  vehicle 
C)  animal 
D)  environment 
E)  vertical

Exam 9: Principles of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology

What is herd immunity?

Which of the following is an endogenous source of infection?

What is the definition of morbidity?

Chronic diseases have a rapid onset and progression.

Why are Koch's postulates important to microbiology?

Endemic infections

Which of the following is not a reason(s) that we see an increased rate of disease emergence?

Which of the following key HAI's is not associated with its correct cause?

What is the order of the five stages of infectious disease?

Which of the following would not be important when evaluating measures of frequency?

The acute phase of an infectious disease, when the pathogen levels are the highest, is the most contagious stage of any pathogen.

Which of the following factors would make eradication of a disease harder?

It can be challenging to accurately determine incidence rate for diseases with high percentages of asymptomatic cases or when a pathogen mutates to become more infective and/or virulent.

Why are epidemiological measures useful?

If you had to choose to be either a chronic carrier or an asymptomatic carrier, which would you choose any why?

Which of the following is an example of a rate?

When is knowing the host and environmental factors that lead to a disease more important to saving lives than knowing the etiological causative agent?

Which of the following would not be important when evaluating measures of association?

Explain how and why healthcare epidemiology programs are essential to quality care.

Which of the following is an indirect infectious disease transmission mode?

Introduction to Microbiology

Biochemistry Basics

Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells

Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells

Genetics

Viruses and Prions

Fundamentals of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Host-Microbe Interactions and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immune System Disorders

Vaccines and Biotechnology-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Antimicrobial Drugs

Respiratory System Infections

Skin and Eye Infections

Nervous System Infections

Digestive System Infections

Urinary and Reproductive System Infections

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Infections

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