Question 1

A compound which stabilizes pH by absorbing or releasing H+ ions is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  acid. 
B)  buffer. 
C)  salt. 
D)  base. 
E)  solute. 
A)  acid. 
B)  buffer. 
C)  salt. 
D)  base. 
E)  solute. B

Question 2

Which term is incorrectly matched to its description?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amphipathic: Has properties that are neither hydrophilic nor hydrophobic; hydrophilic: substances which readily dissolve in water; AND hydrophobic: substances which are not readily dissolved in water are all incorrectly matched 
B)  Hydrophobic: Substances which are not readily dissolved in water 
C)  Hydrophilic: Substances which readily dissolve in water 
D)  Amphipathic: Has properties that are neither hydrophilic nor hydrophobic 
E)  Hydrophilic: Substances which readily dissolve in water AND hydrophobic: substances which are not readily dissolved in water are both incorrectly matched. 
A)  Amphipathic: Has properties that are neither hydrophilic nor hydrophobic; hydrophilic: substances which readily dissolve in water; AND hydrophobic: substances which are not readily dissolved in water are all incorrectly matched 
B)  Hydrophobic: Substances which are not readily dissolved in water 
C)  Hydrophilic: Substances which readily dissolve in water 
D)  Amphipathic: Has properties that are neither hydrophilic nor hydrophobic 
E)  Hydrophilic: Substances which readily dissolve in water AND hydrophobic: substances which are not readily dissolved in water are both incorrectly matched. D

Question 3

Endergonic reactions make products with a lower final energy than the reactants and use more energy than is released.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Which statement is true about carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  They maybe saturated or unsaturated. 
B)  They are a component of the cell wall of different types of organisms. 
C)  They have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. 
D)  They are usually hydrophobic. 
E)  They consist of simple sugars which contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 2: 1: 2 ratio. 
A)  They maybe saturated or unsaturated. 
B)  They are a component of the cell wall of different types of organisms. 
C)  They have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. 
D)  They are usually hydrophobic. 
E)  They consist of simple sugars which contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 2: 1: 2 ratio.

Question 5

Which of the following does not describe equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  A forward and reverse reaction occur at the same rate. 
B)  when there is an equal amount of products and reactants and a reaction has stopped 
C)  A reaction has stopped. 
D)  The total amount of products and reactants is no longer changing. 
E)  when there is an equal amount of products and reactants 
A)  A forward and reverse reaction occur at the same rate. 
B)  when there is an equal amount of products and reactants and a reaction has stopped 
C)  A reaction has stopped. 
D)  The total amount of products and reactants is no longer changing. 
E)  when there is an equal amount of products and reactants

Question 6

Blood pH is stabilized by carbonic acid (H2CO3) which releases H+ ions to lower pH and bicarbonate (HCO3- ) which absorbs H+ ions to raise pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In a dehydration synthesis reaction, macromolecules are built when is removed to form a covalent bond.

Accepted Answer

A)  an electron 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  water 
D)  an amino acid 
E)  oxygen 
A)  an electron 
B)  carbon dioxide 
C)  water 
D)  an amino acid 
E)  oxygen

Question 8

Pure water is defined by

Accepted Answer

A)  a neutral pH of 7 and an equal number of H+ and OH- ions. 
B)  a neutral pH of 7. 
C)  a neutral pH of 7, and equal number of H+ and OH- ions, and its ability to serve as a pH buffer in solutions. 
D)  an equal number of H+ and OH- ions. 
E)  its ability to serve as a pH buffer in solutions. 
A)  a neutral pH of 7 and an equal number of H+ and OH- ions. 
B)  a neutral pH of 7. 
C)  a neutral pH of 7, and equal number of H+ and OH- ions, and its ability to serve as a pH buffer in solutions. 
D)  an equal number of H+ and OH- ions. 
E)  its ability to serve as a pH buffer in solutions.

Question 9

The pictured molecules both contain six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms (C6H12O6). However, these atoms are arranged differently in each molecule. What are these molecules called?

Accepted Answer

A)  anions 
B)  R groups 
C)  functional groups 
D)  isomers 
E)  isotopes 
A)  anions 
B)  R groups 
C)  functional groups 
D)  isomers 
E)  isotopes

Question 10

Compare and contrast ionic bonds, covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds. Explain how valence electrons are involved in the formation of each.

Accepted Answer

Chemical bonds form between two atoms to

Question 11

Chaperone proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  escort proteins to the location in a cell where they are needed. 
B)  ensure that a protein is folded correctly. 
C)  ensure that amino acids are placed in the correct order when forming a protein. 
D)  cleave a phosphate from ATP to release energy. 
E)  ensure that DNA molecules form double- stranded helices. 
A)  escort proteins to the location in a cell where they are needed. 
B)  ensure that a protein is folded correctly. 
C)  ensure that amino acids are placed in the correct order when forming a protein. 
D)  cleave a phosphate from ATP to release energy. 
E)  ensure that DNA molecules form double- stranded helices.

Question 12

List and describe the four levels of protein structure. Explain how the levels of structure are dependent on each other and describe what types of molecular interactions are involved.

Accepted Answer

The four levels of protein structure inc

Question 13

Which level of protein structure can involve hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  primary and secondary 
E)  secondary and tertiary 
A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  primary and secondary 
E)  secondary and tertiary

Question 14

List the four types of biomolecules. For each type, name the monomer building block, the type of chemical bond which joins the building block, and give two functions, naming a specific example where appropriate.

Accepted Answer

The four types of biomolecules are carbo

Question 15

Activation energy

Accepted Answer

A)  is the minimum amount of energy needed to get a reaction started and is due to the necessity of collisions between reactants which have enough energy and with the reactants properly oriented and can be lowered by catalysts such as enzymes in biochemical reactions. 
B)  can be lowered by catalysts such as enzymes in biochemical reactions. 
C)  is due to the necessity of collisions between reactants which have enough energy and with the reactants properly oriented. 
D)  is the minimum amount of energy needed to get a reaction started. 
E)  is the minimum amount of energy needed to get a reaction started and is due to the necessity of collisions between reactants which have enough energy and with the reactants properly oriented. 
A)  is the minimum amount of energy needed to get a reaction started and is due to the necessity of collisions between reactants which have enough energy and with the reactants properly oriented and can be lowered by catalysts such as enzymes in biochemical reactions. 
B)  can be lowered by catalysts such as enzymes in biochemical reactions. 
C)  is due to the necessity of collisions between reactants which have enough energy and with the reactants properly oriented. 
D)  is the minimum amount of energy needed to get a reaction started. 
E)  is the minimum amount of energy needed to get a reaction started and is due to the necessity of collisions between reactants which have enough energy and with the reactants properly oriented.

Question 16

A feature of many of the isotopes that are used in the field of medicine is that the isotopes are radioactive. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anionic forms of the atoms are used. 
B)  Cationic forms of the atom are used. 
C)  The atoms with the greatest atomic mass are used. 
D)  The nucleus of the isotope is unstable and breaks down over time. 
E)  The same number of atoms are arranged into different molecular structures. 
A)  Anionic forms of the atoms are used. 
B)  Cationic forms of the atom are used. 
C)  The atoms with the greatest atomic mass are used. 
D)  The nucleus of the isotope is unstable and breaks down over time. 
E)  The same number of atoms are arranged into different molecular structures.

Question 17

The type of bond which links the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of another amino acid is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  glycosidic bond. 
B)  amino bond. 
C)  peptide bond. 
D)  glycerol bond. 
E)  phosphodiester bond. 
A)  glycosidic bond. 
B)  amino bond. 
C)  peptide bond. 
D)  glycerol bond. 
E)  phosphodiester bond.

Question 18

Which statement does not describe a catalyst?

Accepted Answer

A)  A catalyst is not used up in the reaction. 
B)  A catalyst will increase the rate of a reaction. 
C)  A catalyst may be an inorganic substance. 
D)  A catalyst may be an organic substance. 
E)  A catalyst will decrease the rate of a reaction. 
A)  A catalyst is not used up in the reaction. 
B)  A catalyst will increase the rate of a reaction. 
C)  A catalyst may be an inorganic substance. 
D)  A catalyst may be an organic substance. 
E)  A catalyst will decrease the rate of a reaction.

Question 19

Compared to a solution with a pH value of 4, a solution with a pH value of 2 has H+ ions.

Accepted Answer

A)  half as many 
B)  the same number of 
C)  one hundred times as many 
D)  one hundred times fewer 
E)  twice as many 
A)  half as many 
B)  the same number of 
C)  one hundred times as many 
D)  one hundred times fewer 
E)  twice as many

Question 20

Which particle is described incorrectly?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neutron: Found in the nucleus and 1 atomic mass unit 
B)  Proton: Positively charged and 1 atomic mass unit 
C)  Electron: Negatively charged and negligible mass 
D)  Proton: Found in shells orbiting the nucleus 
E)  Electron: Found in shells orbiting the nucleus 
A)  Neutron: Found in the nucleus and 1 atomic mass unit 
B)  Proton: Positively charged and 1 atomic mass unit 
C)  Electron: Negatively charged and negligible mass 
D)  Proton: Found in shells orbiting the nucleus 
E)  Electron: Found in shells orbiting the nucleus

Exam 2: Biochemistry Basics

A compound which stabilizes pH by absorbing or releasing H+ ions is called a(n)

Which term is incorrectly matched to its description?

Endergonic reactions make products with a lower final energy than the reactants and use more energy than is released.

Which statement is true about carbohydrates?

Which of the following does not describe equilibrium?

Blood pH is stabilized by carbonic acid (H2CO3) which releases H+ ions to lower pH and bicarbonate (HCO3- ) which absorbs H+ ions to raise pH.

In a dehydration synthesis reaction, macromolecules are built when is removed to form a covalent bond.

Pure water is defined by

The pictured molecules both contain six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms (C6H12O6). However, these atoms are arranged differently in each molecule. What are these molecules called?

Compare and contrast ionic bonds, covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds. Explain how valence electrons are involved in the formation of each.

Chaperone proteins

List and describe the four levels of protein structure. Explain how the levels of structure are dependent on each other and describe what types of molecular interactions are involved.

Which level of protein structure can involve hydrogen bonds?

List the four types of biomolecules. For each type, name the monomer building block, the type of chemical bond which joins the building block, and give two functions, naming a specific example where appropriate.

Activation energy

A feature of many of the isotopes that are used in the field of medicine is that the isotopes are radioactive. What does this mean?

The type of bond which links the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of another amino acid is called a(n)

Which statement does not describe a catalyst?

Compared to a solution with a pH value of 4, a solution with a pH value of 2 has H+ ions.

Which particle is described incorrectly?

Introduction to Microbiology

Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells

Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells

Genetics

Viruses and Prions

Fundamentals of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Principles of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology

Host-Microbe Interactions and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immune System Disorders

Vaccines and Biotechnology-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Antimicrobial Drugs

Respiratory System Infections

Skin and Eye Infections

Nervous System Infections

Digestive System Infections

Urinary and Reproductive System Infections

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Infections

Filters

Blood pH is stabilized by carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) which releases H+ ions to lower pH and bicarbonate (HCO₃^- ) which absorbs H+ ions to raise pH.