Question 1

Spirochetes move in a corkscrew- rotary motion due to a specialized periplasmic flagellum.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The ability of certain bacterial cells to take on different cell shapes is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  pallidic. 
B)  pleomorphic. 
C)  pyloric. 
D)  fission. 
E)  meiosis. 
A)  pallidic. 
B)  pleomorphic. 
C)  pyloric. 
D)  fission. 
E)  meiosis. B

Question 3

Binary fission is more complicated than mitosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Why is the acid- fast stain clinically useful?

Accepted Answer

A)  It identifies the causative agents of leprosy and tuberculosis. 
B)  It identifies the causative agent of certain fungal infections. 
C)  It confirms the results of the Gram stain. 
D)  It confirms that a single dose of antibiotics is enough to kill the bacteria. 
E)  It identifies the causative agent of strep throat and Scarlet fever. 
A)  It identifies the causative agents of leprosy and tuberculosis. 
B)  It identifies the causative agent of certain fungal infections. 
C)  It confirms the results of the Gram stain. 
D)  It confirms that a single dose of antibiotics is enough to kill the bacteria. 
E)  It identifies the causative agent of strep throat and Scarlet fever.

Question 5

If you were to design a pathogenic bacteria, justify why your bacteria would be Gram- positive or Gram- negative.

Accepted Answer

My bacteria would be Gram- negative beca

Question 6

Prokaryotic cells that move in response to oxygen levels are said to display chemotaxis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What happens when you place a bacterial cell into a hypertonic solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysis 
B)  plasmolysis 
C)  no effect on the cell 
D)  The cell will burst. 
E)  The cell will swell. 
A)  lysis 
B)  plasmolysis 
C)  no effect on the cell 
D)  The cell will burst. 
E)  The cell will swell.

Question 8

Why is it so difficult to kill acid- fast bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacteria are very motile and can travel to areas with a lower concentration of hazardous chemicals. 
B)  Mycolic acid makes it very difficult for nutrients and gases to enter or exit cells. 
C)  The acid in the bacteria denatures most antibiotics before they can work. 
D)  They are just as difficult to kill as Gram- positive bacteria. 
E)  The bacteria are able to quickly break down several types of antibiotics before the concentration can reach dangerous levels. 
A)  The bacteria are very motile and can travel to areas with a lower concentration of hazardous chemicals. 
B)  Mycolic acid makes it very difficult for nutrients and gases to enter or exit cells. 
C)  The acid in the bacteria denatures most antibiotics before they can work. 
D)  They are just as difficult to kill as Gram- positive bacteria. 
E)  The bacteria are able to quickly break down several types of antibiotics before the concentration can reach dangerous levels.

Question 9

Which type of cellular transport uses transport proteins and moves substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphotransferase system 
B)  primary active transport 
C)  secondary active transport 
D)  simple diffusion 
E)  facilitated diffusion 
A)  phosphotransferase system 
B)  primary active transport 
C)  secondary active transport 
D)  simple diffusion 
E)  facilitated diffusion

Question 10

How can cells increase the fluidity of their plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  integrating steroid- based lipids like cholesterol in membranes 
B)  shorter phospholipids in the plasma membrane 
C)  a lower proportion of unsaturated fats in the fatty acid portion of phospholipids 
D)  remove double bonds in the hydrocarbon backbone 
E)  move to colder temperatures 
A)  integrating steroid- based lipids like cholesterol in membranes 
B)  shorter phospholipids in the plasma membrane 
C)  a lower proportion of unsaturated fats in the fatty acid portion of phospholipids 
D)  remove double bonds in the hydrocarbon backbone 
E)  move to colder temperatures

Question 11

Which of the following structures do not help the bacteria adhere to surfaces?

Accepted Answer

A)  slime layer 
B)  capsule 
C)  pili 
D)  flagella 
E)  fimbriae 
A)  slime layer 
B)  capsule 
C)  pili 
D)  flagella 
E)  fimbriae

Question 12

Periplasmic flagella are unlike most flagella because they

Accepted Answer

A)  are located in the space between the plasma membrane and the peptidoglycan. 
B)  have fibers that stick into the cytoplasm for a better hold. 
C)  are located in the space between the peptidoglycan and the outer membrane. 
D)  move their flagella in a clockwise direction. 
E)  move their flagella in a counter- clockwise direction. 
A)  are located in the space between the plasma membrane and the peptidoglycan. 
B)  have fibers that stick into the cytoplasm for a better hold. 
C)  are located in the space between the peptidoglycan and the outer membrane. 
D)  move their flagella in a clockwise direction. 
E)  move their flagella in a counter- clockwise direction.

Question 13

A capsule is one type of glycocalyx that is fairly unorganized and loosely associated with the cell wall.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The genetic material of bacteria can be found in the

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleoid. 
B)  nucleolus. 
C)  nucleus. 
D)  cytoskeleton. 
E)  nucleosome. 
A)  nucleoid. 
B)  nucleolus. 
C)  nucleus. 
D)  cytoskeleton. 
E)  nucleosome.

Question 15

How are L- forms different than Mycoplasma bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  L- forms live inside plant cells. 
B)  L- forms are susceptible to antibiotics that target the cell wall. 
C)  L- forms have never had a cell wall. 
D)  L- forms are resistant to certain environmental stresses like boiling and autoclaving. 
E)  L- forms live inside animal cells. 
A)  L- forms live inside plant cells. 
B)  L- forms are susceptible to antibiotics that target the cell wall. 
C)  L- forms have never had a cell wall. 
D)  L- forms are resistant to certain environmental stresses like boiling and autoclaving. 
E)  L- forms live inside animal cells.

Question 16

How does the plasma membrane of bacteria and archaea differ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria build only lipid monolayers. 
B)  Archaea have phospholipids built from branched fatty acids. 
C)  Bacteria have phospholipids built from branched fatty acids. 
D)  Archaea have phospholipids built from linear fatty acids. 
E)  Archaea build only lipid monolayers. 
A)  Bacteria build only lipid monolayers. 
B)  Archaea have phospholipids built from branched fatty acids. 
C)  Bacteria have phospholipids built from branched fatty acids. 
D)  Archaea have phospholipids built from linear fatty acids. 
E)  Archaea build only lipid monolayers.

Question 17

Which of the following is incorrect when E. coli cause a UTI?

Accepted Answer

A)  As the infection progresses, E. coli pass through a stage where they appear as cocci. 
B)  It is believed that E. coli avoid the host immune response by assuming a filamentous form. 
C)  When infection has been established, the E. coli return to being motile rods that swim away from biofilms to perpetuate infections. 
D)  Within the first few hours of invading host tissues, E. coli cells triple in size. 
E)  When inside host cells, E. coli exist as nonmotile rods. 
A)  As the infection progresses, E. coli pass through a stage where they appear as cocci. 
B)  It is believed that E. coli avoid the host immune response by assuming a filamentous form. 
C)  When infection has been established, the E. coli return to being motile rods that swim away from biofilms to perpetuate infections. 
D)  Within the first few hours of invading host tissues, E. coli cells triple in size. 
E)  When inside host cells, E. coli exist as nonmotile rods.

Question 18

Explain the steps of binary fission.

Accepted Answer

Binary fission occurs in five main steps

Question 19

Which of the following is true about endospores?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endospores are considered reproductive structures. 
B)  Endospores are metabolically active structures. 
C)  Endospores are highly resistant to environmental stress such as heat, drying, freezing, and radiation. 
D)  Endospores are only viable for a short time. 
E)  Endospores are susceptible to various chemicals. 
A)  Endospores are considered reproductive structures. 
B)  Endospores are metabolically active structures. 
C)  Endospores are highly resistant to environmental stress such as heat, drying, freezing, and radiation. 
D)  Endospores are only viable for a short time. 
E)  Endospores are susceptible to various chemicals.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotic ribosomes have a lower overall mass and diameter than eukaryotic ribosomes. 
B)  Prokaryotic ribosomes are also easily differentiated from eukaryotic ribosomes based on chemical composition. 
C)  Ribosomes are organelles made of RNA and carbohydrates. 
D)  Ribosomes build amino acids by linking together nucleic acids. 
E)  Antibiotics often take advantage of functional differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. 
A)  Prokaryotic ribosomes have a lower overall mass and diameter than eukaryotic ribosomes. 
B)  Prokaryotic ribosomes are also easily differentiated from eukaryotic ribosomes based on chemical composition. 
C)  Ribosomes are organelles made of RNA and carbohydrates. 
D)  Ribosomes build amino acids by linking together nucleic acids. 
E)  Antibiotics often take advantage of functional differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes.

Exam 3: Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells

Spirochetes move in a corkscrew- rotary motion due to a specialized periplasmic flagellum.

The ability of certain bacterial cells to take on different cell shapes is known as

Binary fission is more complicated than mitosis.

Why is the acid- fast stain clinically useful?

If you were to design a pathogenic bacteria, justify why your bacteria would be Gram- positive or Gram- negative.

Prokaryotic cells that move in response to oxygen levels are said to display chemotaxis.

What happens when you place a bacterial cell into a hypertonic solution?

Why is it so difficult to kill acid- fast bacteria?

Which type of cellular transport uses transport proteins and moves substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?

How can cells increase the fluidity of their plasma membrane?

Which of the following structures do not help the bacteria adhere to surfaces?

Periplasmic flagella are unlike most flagella because they

A capsule is one type of glycocalyx that is fairly unorganized and loosely associated with the cell wall.

The genetic material of bacteria can be found in the

How are L- forms different than Mycoplasma bacteria?

How does the plasma membrane of bacteria and archaea differ?

Which of the following is incorrect when E. coli cause a UTI?

Explain the steps of binary fission.

Which of the following is true about endospores?

Which of the following is true about ribosomes?

Introduction to Microbiology

Biochemistry Basics

Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells

Genetics

Viruses and Prions

Fundamentals of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Principles of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology

Host-Microbe Interactions and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immune System Disorders

Vaccines and Biotechnology-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Antimicrobial Drugs

Respiratory System Infections

Skin and Eye Infections

Nervous System Infections

Digestive System Infections

Urinary and Reproductive System Infections

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Infections

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