Question 1

Which type of molecule can diffuse through the blood- brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  very small molecules and lipophilic molecules 
B)  lipophilic molecules 
C)  very small molecules 
D)  glucose molecules 
E)  hydrophilic molecules and glucose molecules 
A)  very small molecules and lipophilic molecules 
B)  lipophilic molecules 
C)  very small molecules 
D)  glucose molecules 
E)  hydrophilic molecules and glucose molecules A

Question 2

The West Nile virus damages neurons by lysing them as they exit after replication or by triggering apoptosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the meninges?

Accepted Answer

A)  supply oxygen 
B)  protect the CNS from physical shocks 
C)  supply nutrients 
D)  supply nutrients, remove waste, and protect the CNS from physical shocks 
E)  remove waste 
A)  supply oxygen 
B)  protect the CNS from physical shocks 
C)  supply nutrients 
D)  supply nutrients, remove waste, and protect the CNS from physical shocks 
E)  remove waste D

Question 4

Which of the following about Naegleria fowleri is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although debilitating, most patients live long lives. 
B)  Infection occurs when contaminated water is ingested. 
C)  Only the flagellated form of the protozoan is infectious. 
D)  This bacteria typically feeds off of nutrients in the soil. 
E)  The organism prefers warm stagnant waters. 
A)  Although debilitating, most patients live long lives. 
B)  Infection occurs when contaminated water is ingested. 
C)  Only the flagellated form of the protozoan is infectious. 
D)  This bacteria typically feeds off of nutrients in the soil. 
E)  The organism prefers warm stagnant waters.

Question 5

The tetanospasmin toxin blocks normal inhibition while botulinum toxin blocks normal stimulation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Why has polio been eradicated in the U.S. but is still present in developing nations, including Afghanistan and Pakistan?

Accepted Answer

Although developed nations have been abl

Question 7

Which of the following is not how botulism is contracted?

Accepted Answer

A)  adults eating canned vegetables such as beets, carrots, or spinach 
B)  IV drug users who use needles contaminated with C. botulinum endospores 
C)  Elderly farmers encounter C. botulinum endospores through wind and dust. 
D)  Infants encounter C. botulinum endospores through wind and dust. 
E)  Infants encounter C. botulinum endospores by eating honey. 
A)  adults eating canned vegetables such as beets, carrots, or spinach 
B)  IV drug users who use needles contaminated with C. botulinum endospores 
C)  Elderly farmers encounter C. botulinum endospores through wind and dust. 
D)  Infants encounter C. botulinum endospores through wind and dust. 
E)  Infants encounter C. botulinum endospores by eating honey.

Question 8

A new drug for depression was developed by taking a disaccharide, sucrose, and combining several different hydrophilic functional groups onto the molecule. After hearing about its structure, you are positive that this molecule has zero direct effect on the brain. Why?

Accepted Answer

The blood brain barrier is going keep th

Question 9

Which of the following about the pathogenesis of rabies is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  the rabies virus lyses host cells which explains neurological symptoms including pharyngeal spasms, confusion, loss of coordination, delirium, and the characteristic hydrophobia 
B)  the virus rapidly travels through neurons, replicating and spreading to the CNS 
C)  after invading brain cells, rabies spreads back out into the PNS where it replicates and is shed from tissues that are well supplied with nerves, including the salivary glands 
D)  the virus slowly replicates in the muscle cells leading to a long incubation period that lasts from two months to a year 
E)  a diagnostic sign of rabies is the formation of Negri bodies, small clusters of virus inside the neurons 
A)  the rabies virus lyses host cells which explains neurological symptoms including pharyngeal spasms, confusion, loss of coordination, delirium, and the characteristic hydrophobia 
B)  the virus rapidly travels through neurons, replicating and spreading to the CNS 
C)  after invading brain cells, rabies spreads back out into the PNS where it replicates and is shed from tissues that are well supplied with nerves, including the salivary glands 
D)  the virus slowly replicates in the muscle cells leading to a long incubation period that lasts from two months to a year 
E)  a diagnostic sign of rabies is the formation of Negri bodies, small clusters of virus inside the neurons

Question 10

Which of the following diseases cause flu- like symptoms in most people infected, but can cause muscle weakness or paralysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  toxoplasmosis 
B)  tetanus 
C)  polio 
D)  spongiform encephalopathy 
E)  rabies 
A)  toxoplasmosis 
B)  tetanus 
C)  polio 
D)  spongiform encephalopathy 
E)  rabies

Question 11

Encephalitis is most often caused by a virus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Congenital toxoplasmosis can cause all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  convulsions. 
B)  neurological disabilities. 
C)  miscarriage or stillbirth. 
D)  deafness. 
E)  anemia. 
A)  convulsions. 
B)  neurological disabilities. 
C)  miscarriage or stillbirth. 
D)  deafness. 
E)  anemia.

Question 13

Most bacterial meningitis cases in the United States are pneumococcal meningitis, caused by which of the following bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Haemophilus influenzae 
B)  Neisseria meningitidis 
C)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
D)  Listeria monocytogenes 
E)  Escherichia coli 
A)  Haemophilus influenzae 
B)  Neisseria meningitidis 
C)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
D)  Listeria monocytogenes 
E)  Escherichia coli

Question 14

Explain why children under 1 year old should not be fed honey, yet honey is okay to eat for older healthy individuals.

Accepted Answer

Honey can often contain C. botulinum end

Question 15

Which of the following is false about the tropical disease African sleeping sickness?

Accepted Answer

A)  If the disease goes untreated, it is fatal. 
B)  It induces an immune system reaction so strong that host neutrophils can harm host neurons. 
C)  It is carried by a blood- sucking mosquito from host to host. 
D)  It is caused by the flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. 
E)  Those infected cannot sleep at night and cannot stay awake during the day. 
A)  If the disease goes untreated, it is fatal. 
B)  It induces an immune system reaction so strong that host neutrophils can harm host neurons. 
C)  It is carried by a blood- sucking mosquito from host to host. 
D)  It is caused by the flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. 
E)  Those infected cannot sleep at night and cannot stay awake during the day.

Question 16

What is the best way to protect the population against Haemophilus influenza type b infections?

Accepted Answer

A)  Since the chances of complications are rare, no treatment is required. 
B)  use of the Hib vaccine in young children 
C)  antitoxin treatment when exposure has occurred 
D)  antibiotic treatment after onset of symptoms 
E)  IV fluids are commonly prescribed due to loss of fluids. 
A)  Since the chances of complications are rare, no treatment is required. 
B)  use of the Hib vaccine in young children 
C)  antitoxin treatment when exposure has occurred 
D)  antibiotic treatment after onset of symptoms 
E)  IV fluids are commonly prescribed due to loss of fluids.

Question 17

How is Listeria monocytogenes capable of spreading in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  After being phagocytized, the bacteria initiates apoptosis in the cell and spreads to other cells in the vesicles that are released from the dying cell. 
B)  The bacteria initiate apoptosis in the cell and spread to other cells in the vesicles that are released from the dying cell, and actin in the cytoskeleton propels the bacteria into an adjacent cell. 
C)  It evades the immune system by adhering to cells, being phagocytized, and then breaking out of the phagosome into the cytoplasm. 
D)  The bacteria initiate apoptosis in the cell and spread to other cells in the vesicles that are released from the dying cell. 
E)  Actin in the cytoskeleton propels the bacteria into an adjacent cell. 
A)  After being phagocytized, the bacteria initiates apoptosis in the cell and spreads to other cells in the vesicles that are released from the dying cell. 
B)  The bacteria initiate apoptosis in the cell and spread to other cells in the vesicles that are released from the dying cell, and actin in the cytoskeleton propels the bacteria into an adjacent cell. 
C)  It evades the immune system by adhering to cells, being phagocytized, and then breaking out of the phagosome into the cytoplasm. 
D)  The bacteria initiate apoptosis in the cell and spread to other cells in the vesicles that are released from the dying cell. 
E)  Actin in the cytoskeleton propels the bacteria into an adjacent cell.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a risk factor for contracting Listeria monocytogenes?

Accepted Answer

A)  neonates 
B)  elderly patients 
C)  pregnant women 
D)  bedridden 
E)  immunocompromised individuals 
A)  neonates 
B)  elderly patients 
C)  pregnant women 
D)  bedridden 
E)  immunocompromised individuals

Question 19

A lumbar puncture allows for CSF analysis to differentiate between viral and bacterial meningitis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following is false about toxoplasmosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is caused by a protozoan called Toxoplasma gondii. 
B)  Risk factors include eating raw or undercooked meat such as wild game, pork, and shellfish. 
C)  Cats act as the definitive host, shedding the protozoans in their feces. 
D)  Tachyzoites can invade tissues like the heart, muscles, eyes, and brain. 
E)  Meningitis results in a majority of patients since there are currently no treatment options. 
A)  It is caused by a protozoan called Toxoplasma gondii. 
B)  Risk factors include eating raw or undercooked meat such as wild game, pork, and shellfish. 
C)  Cats act as the definitive host, shedding the protozoans in their feces. 
D)  Tachyzoites can invade tissues like the heart, muscles, eyes, and brain. 
E)  Meningitis results in a majority of patients since there are currently no treatment options.

Exam 18: Nervous System Infections

Which type of molecule can diffuse through the blood- brain barrier?

The West Nile virus damages neurons by lysing them as they exit after replication or by triggering apoptosis.

Which of the following is a function of the meninges?

Which of the following about Naegleria fowleri is true?

The tetanospasmin toxin blocks normal inhibition while botulinum toxin blocks normal stimulation.

Why has polio been eradicated in the U.S. but is still present in developing nations, including Afghanistan and Pakistan?

Which of the following is not how botulism is contracted?

A new drug for depression was developed by taking a disaccharide, sucrose, and combining several different hydrophilic functional groups onto the molecule. After hearing about its structure, you are positive that this molecule has zero direct effect on the brain. Why?

Which of the following about the pathogenesis of rabies is false?

Which of the following diseases cause flu- like symptoms in most people infected, but can cause muscle weakness or paralysis?

Encephalitis is most often caused by a virus.

Congenital toxoplasmosis can cause all of the following except

Most bacterial meningitis cases in the United States are pneumococcal meningitis, caused by which of the following bacteria?

Explain why children under 1 year old should not be fed honey, yet honey is okay to eat for older healthy individuals.

Which of the following is false about the tropical disease African sleeping sickness?

What is the best way to protect the population against Haemophilus influenza type b infections?

How is Listeria monocytogenes capable of spreading in the body?

Which of the following is not a risk factor for contracting Listeria monocytogenes?

A lumbar puncture allows for CSF analysis to differentiate between viral and bacterial meningitis.

Which of the following is false about toxoplasmosis?

Introduction to Microbiology

Biochemistry Basics

Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells

Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells

Genetics

Viruses and Prions

Fundamentals of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Principles of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology

Host-Microbe Interactions and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immune System Disorders

Vaccines and Biotechnology-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Antimicrobial Drugs

Respiratory System Infections

Skin and Eye Infections

Digestive System Infections

Urinary and Reproductive System Infections

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Infections

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