Question 1

The acid- fast stain is an important diagnostic tool for detecting the causative agent(s) of

Accepted Answer

A)  malaria. 
B)  plague. 
C)  gonorrhea. 
D)  Lyme disease and necrotizing fasciitis. 
E)  tuberculosis and leprosy. 
A)  malaria. 
B)  plague. 
C)  gonorrhea. 
D)  Lyme disease and necrotizing fasciitis. 
E)  tuberculosis and leprosy. E

Question 2

Explain the differences between a hypothesis, law, and theory.

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is based on prior experience or observation, and is proposed as a potential answer to a specific question. A law is a precise statement, or mathematical formula, that predicts a specific occurrence. Laws only hold CORRECTLY under carefully defined and limited circumstances. By contrast, a theory is a hypothesis that has been proven through many studies with consistent, supporting conclusions. Laws predict what happens, while theories explain how and why something occurs. Unlike a hypothesis, which focuses on a specific problem, theories are comprehensive bodies of work that are useful for making generalized predictions about natural phenomena. Theories unite many different hypotheses and laws.

Question 3

The goal of the streak plate technique is to

Accepted Answer

A)  compare how the shape, color and margin differ in colonies from a pure culture. 
B)  spread out a thick layer of bacteria and isolate the bacteria that outcompete the rest. 
C)  visualize all of the colonies on a plate from a pure culture. 
D)  compare all of the colonies on a plate with a mixed culture. 
E)  isolate a pure culture for study from a single colony. 
A)  compare how the shape, color and margin differ in colonies from a pure culture. 
B)  spread out a thick layer of bacteria and isolate the bacteria that outcompete the rest. 
C)  visualize all of the colonies on a plate from a pure culture. 
D)  compare all of the colonies on a plate with a mixed culture. 
E)  isolate a pure culture for study from a single colony. E

Question 4

Which of the following is not a microorganism?

Accepted Answer

A)  archaea 
B)  helminth 
C)  mosquito 
D)  fungi 
E)  bacteria 
A)  archaea 
B)  helminth 
C)  mosquito 
D)  fungi 
E)  bacteria

Question 5

A biological safety cabinet minimizes the chances of contaminating cultures by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  maintaining a specific flow of filtered air. 
B)  readily being decontaminated using UV light. 
C)  limiting access to inside the cabinet. 
D)  regular surface cleaning with an antimicrobial solution. 
E)  consistent flame sterilization on the inside surfaces. 
A)  maintaining a specific flow of filtered air. 
B)  readily being decontaminated using UV light. 
C)  limiting access to inside the cabinet. 
D)  regular surface cleaning with an antimicrobial solution. 
E)  consistent flame sterilization on the inside surfaces.

Question 6

How many principles are there in Koch's postulates of disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 7

Which of the following could be used as evidence for spontaneous generation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flies lay eggs that develop into maggots. 
B)  Gauze- covered meat will not give rise to maggots. 
C)  Uncovered meat will give rise to maggots. 
D)  The broth in Pasteur's S- necked flasks did not spoil. 
E)  Shaking Pasteur's S- necked flasks did spoil the broth. 
A)  Flies lay eggs that develop into maggots. 
B)  Gauze- covered meat will not give rise to maggots. 
C)  Uncovered meat will give rise to maggots. 
D)  The broth in Pasteur's S- necked flasks did not spoil. 
E)  Shaking Pasteur's S- necked flasks did spoil the broth.

Question 8

When do opportunistic pathogens tend to cause disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  when the host didn't wash with soap 
B)  when the host is weakened 
C)  when the host is old 
D)  after the host is already infected with a different pathogen 
E)  when the host is young 
A)  when the host didn't wash with soap 
B)  when the host is weakened 
C)  when the host is old 
D)  after the host is already infected with a different pathogen 
E)  when the host is young

Question 9

When practicing aseptic culturing techniques, it is important to keep all of the following in mind except

Accepted Answer

A)  the media used to grow the specimen is sterile. 
B)  as long as nothing unintended touches the media, there will be no contamination. 
C)  all of the instruments and lab ware that directly touch the specimen is sterile. 
D)  gloves and other protecting clothing may be required depending on the specimen being used. 
E)  surrounding surfaces are decontaminated before and after handling cultures. 
A)  the media used to grow the specimen is sterile. 
B)  as long as nothing unintended touches the media, there will be no contamination. 
C)  all of the instruments and lab ware that directly touch the specimen is sterile. 
D)  gloves and other protecting clothing may be required depending on the specimen being used. 
E)  surrounding surfaces are decontaminated before and after handling cultures.

Question 10

Knowing the Gram property of a specimen has important clinical implications, including potential pathogenic features of the organism, and what antibiotics might be most effective in combating it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fluorochromes can be natural or synthetic. 
B)  Scanning electron microscopy provides information about surface structures. 
C)  Fluorescence microscopy is when fluorochromes stain a sample so it will fluoresce when exposed to UV light. 
D)  Immunofluorescence is when fluorochromes bind to a specific target and fluoresce after exposure to UV light. 
E)  Transmission electron microscopy provides information about internal structures. 
A)  Fluorochromes can be natural or synthetic. 
B)  Scanning electron microscopy provides information about surface structures. 
C)  Fluorescence microscopy is when fluorochromes stain a sample so it will fluoresce when exposed to UV light. 
D)  Immunofluorescence is when fluorochromes bind to a specific target and fluoresce after exposure to UV light. 
E)  Transmission electron microscopy provides information about internal structures.

Question 12

Aseptic technique can be used for all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  safely studying microbes in the laboratory. 
B)  sterilizing working surfaces. 
C)  limiting the spread of diseases. 
D)  keeping samples pure for studying. 
E)  preventing healthcare- acquired infections. 
A)  safely studying microbes in the laboratory. 
B)  sterilizing working surfaces. 
C)  limiting the spread of diseases. 
D)  keeping samples pure for studying. 
E)  preventing healthcare- acquired infections.

Question 13

Florence Nightingale investigated processes for aseptic surgery and her work in the 1860s proved that sterilizing instruments, and sanitizing wounds with carbolic acid encouraged healing and prevented pus formation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Only a small minority of microbes are human pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

bacteria can create sticky communities called , which are made up of single or diverse microbial species.

Accepted Answer

A)  Planktonic; biofilms 
B)  Plaque; hangouts 
C)  Pathogenic; quorums 
D)  Infectious; flora 
E)  Matrix; cavities 
A)  Planktonic; biofilms 
B)  Plaque; hangouts 
C)  Pathogenic; quorums 
D)  Infectious; flora 
E)  Matrix; cavities

Question 16

Explain the differences between basic and acidic dyes and how they are used.

Accepted Answer

Basic dyes are mildly basic on the pH sc

Question 17

Biofilms allow microbes to coordinate responses within an environment, making the community much more durable than single free- floating bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The scientific method starts with a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  observation. 
B)  prediction. 
C)  question. 
D)  hypothesis. 
E)  proposal. 
A)  observation. 
B)  prediction. 
C)  question. 
D)  hypothesis. 
E)  proposal.

Question 19

All of the following can make interpreting the Gram stain difficult except

Accepted Answer

A)  testing bacteria that are forming endospores. 
B)  the culture is between 24 and 48 hours old. 
C)  testing bacteria with especially resistant cell walls. 
D)  testing bacteria that have a waxy cell wall. 
E)  the culture is more than 48 hours old and contains damaged cells. 
A)  testing bacteria that are forming endospores. 
B)  the culture is between 24 and 48 hours old. 
C)  testing bacteria with especially resistant cell walls. 
D)  testing bacteria that have a waxy cell wall. 
E)  the culture is more than 48 hours old and contains damaged cells.

Question 20

All of the following are reasons to classify a new strain of bacteria except

Accepted Answer

A)  50% different genetic material. 
B)  take up genetic material from their environment. 
C)  mutations. 
D)  genetic variant. 
E)  gene transfers. 
A)  50% different genetic material. 
B)  take up genetic material from their environment. 
C)  mutations. 
D)  genetic variant. 
E)  gene transfers.

Exam 1: Introduction to Microbiology

The acid- fast stain is an important diagnostic tool for detecting the causative agent(s) of

Explain the differences between a hypothesis, law, and theory.

The goal of the streak plate technique is to

Which of the following is not a microorganism?

A biological safety cabinet minimizes the chances of contaminating cultures by all of the following except

How many principles are there in Koch's postulates of disease?

Which of the following could be used as evidence for spontaneous generation?

When do opportunistic pathogens tend to cause disease?

When practicing aseptic culturing techniques, it is important to keep all of the following in mind except

Knowing the Gram property of a specimen has important clinical implications, including potential pathogenic features of the organism, and what antibiotics might be most effective in combating it.

Which of the following statements is false?

Aseptic technique can be used for all of the following except

Florence Nightingale investigated processes for aseptic surgery and her work in the 1860s proved that sterilizing instruments, and sanitizing wounds with carbolic acid encouraged healing and prevented pus formation.

Only a small minority of microbes are human pathogens.

bacteria can create sticky communities called , which are made up of single or diverse microbial species.

Explain the differences between basic and acidic dyes and how they are used.

Biofilms allow microbes to coordinate responses within an environment, making the community much more durable than single free- floating bacteria.

The scientific method starts with a(n)

All of the following can make interpreting the Gram stain difficult except

All of the following are reasons to classify a new strain of bacteria except

Biochemistry Basics

Introduction to Prokaryotic Cells

Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells

Genetics

Viruses and Prions

Fundamentals of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism

Principles of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology

Host-Microbe Interactions and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immune System Disorders

Vaccines and Biotechnology-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Antimicrobial Drugs

Respiratory System Infections

Skin and Eye Infections

Nervous System Infections

Digestive System Infections

Urinary and Reproductive System Infections

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Infections

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