Question 1

Glycogen synthase is converted into the active form by the action of _________________.

Accepted Answer

protein ph

Question 2

Phosphoglucomutase requires the intermediate ____________________ for the interconversion of glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate.

Accepted Answer

glucose 1,

Question 3

The action of which of the following enzymes both activates glycogen breakdown and inhibits glycogen synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein kinase A 
B)  protein kinase C 
C)  phosphorylase kinase 
D)  protein phosphatase 1 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  protein kinase A 
B)  protein kinase C 
C)  phosphorylase kinase 
D)  protein phosphatase 1 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 4

The key regulatory enzyme that primarily controls the rate of glycogen synthesis is

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen synthase phosphorylase. 
B)  glycogen synthase. 
C)  glycogen synthase kinase. 
D)  protein phosphatase-1. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  glycogen synthase phosphorylase. 
B)  glycogen synthase. 
C)  glycogen synthase kinase. 
D)  protein phosphatase-1. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 5

What reaction cleaves a bond by the addition of orthophosphate?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorolysis 
B)  phosphatase 
C)  transphosphorylation 
D)  oxidative phosphorylation 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  phosphorolysis 
B)  phosphatase 
C)  transphosphorylation 
D)  oxidative phosphorylation 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 6

What is the function of liver glycogen degradation?

Accepted Answer

A)  For glucose export to other tissues when glucose levels are low 
B)  To maintain glucose levels after a large meal 
C)  To provide for the large energy needs of the liver 
D)  To allow for synthesis of lipids 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  For glucose export to other tissues when glucose levels are low 
B)  To maintain glucose levels after a large meal 
C)  To provide for the large energy needs of the liver 
D)  To allow for synthesis of lipids 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

What liver enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of a phosphate group to produce glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose phosphorylase 
B)  glucose-1-phosphatase 
C)  glucose-4-phosphatase 
D)  glucose-6-phosphatase 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  glucose phosphorylase 
B)  glucose-1-phosphatase 
C)  glucose-4-phosphatase 
D)  glucose-6-phosphatase 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 8

Conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate is carried out by the enzyme

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphoglucomutase. 
B)  kinase 1-P. 
C)  phosphoglycerate mutase. 
D)  hexose-phosphate isomerase. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  phosphoglucomutase. 
B)  kinase 1-P. 
C)  phosphoglycerate mutase. 
D)  hexose-phosphate isomerase. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 9

What is the activated form of glucose required for glycogen synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose-6-phosphate 
B)  glucose-1-phosphate 
C)  ADP-glucose 
D)  UDP-glucose 
E)  GDP-glucose 
A)  glucose-6-phosphate 
B)  glucose-1-phosphate 
C)  ADP-glucose 
D)  UDP-glucose 
E)  GDP-glucose

Question 10

In muscle, the first event in the breakdown of glycogen due to binding of a hormone is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasmic cAMP levels rise 
B)  protein kinase A phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase 
C)  adenylate cyclase is activated 
D)  protein kinase A is activated 
E)  activation of a G protein 
A)  cytoplasmic cAMP levels rise 
B)  protein kinase A phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase 
C)  adenylate cyclase is activated 
D)  protein kinase A is activated 
E)  activation of a G protein

Question 11

Why must glycogen control be manifested differently in muscle and liver?

Accepted Answer

It is because the muscle maint

Question 12

By what mechanism is phosphorylase kinase activated by Ca2+ levels of 1 μM?

Accepted Answer

The δ subunit of phosphorylase kinase is

Question 13

Why does liver possess a specific enzyme that can cleave glucose 6-phosphate to form glucose and orthophosphate?

Accepted Answer

The liver controls the blood g

Question 14

______________ markedly stimulates glycogen breakdown in muscle by initiating a cAMP signal-transduction cascade.

Accepted Answer

Epinephrin

Question 15

What path in addition to the cAMP-induced signal transduction is used in the liver to stimulate glycogen breakdown by epinephrine?

Accepted Answer

In the liver, epinephrine also binds to

Question 16

The complete oxidation of a glucose residue from glycogen produces ________________ molecules of ATP in the muscle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The complete oxidation of a glucose residue...

Question 17

What are some of the advantages of having glycogen as a glucose source?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is readily accessible and can b

Question 18

What did Carl and Gerti Cori discover about the cause of von Gierke disease? Briefly explain how this information helps to explain the symptoms of the disease.

Accepted Answer

They discovered that the cause of von Gi

Question 19

What is the primary glycosidic bond found in glycogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  $\alpha$-1,3 
B)  $\alpha$-1,4 
C)  $\alpha$-1,6 
D)  $\beta$-1,4 
E)  $\beta$-1,6 
A)  $\alpha$-1,3 
B)  $\alpha$-1,4 
C)  $\alpha$-1,6 
D)  $\beta$-1,4 
E)  $\beta$-1,6

Question 20

The glycogen branching enzyme moves a block of __________ (or so) glucose residues to form a branch point at least four residues from a preexisting branch.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The glycogen branching enzyme moves a block...

Exam 21: Glycogen Metabolism

Glycogen synthase is converted into the active form by the action of _________________.

Phosphoglucomutase requires the intermediate ____________________ for the interconversion of glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate.

The action of which of the following enzymes both activates glycogen breakdown and inhibits glycogen synthesis?

The key regulatory enzyme that primarily controls the rate of glycogen synthesis is

What reaction cleaves a bond by the addition of orthophosphate?

What is the function of liver glycogen degradation?

What liver enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of a phosphate group to produce glucose?

Conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate is carried out by the enzyme

What is the activated form of glucose required for glycogen synthesis?

In muscle, the first event in the breakdown of glycogen due to binding of a hormone is _____.

Why must glycogen control be manifested differently in muscle and liver?

By what mechanism is phosphorylase kinase activated by Ca2+ levels of 1 μM?

Why does liver possess a specific enzyme that can cleave glucose 6-phosphate to form glucose and orthophosphate?

______________ markedly stimulates glycogen breakdown in muscle by initiating a cAMP signal-transduction cascade.

What path in addition to the cAMP-induced signal transduction is used in the liver to stimulate glycogen breakdown by epinephrine?

The complete oxidation of a glucose residue from glycogen produces ________________ molecules of ATP in the muscle.

What are some of the advantages of having glycogen as a glucose source?

What did Carl and Gerti Cori discover about the cause of von Gierke disease? Briefly explain how this information helps to explain the symptoms of the disease.

What is the primary glycosidic bond found in glycogen?

The glycogen branching enzyme moves a block of __________ (or so) glucose residues to form a branch point at least four residues from a preexisting branch.

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By what mechanism is phosphorylase kinase activated by Ca²⁺ levels of 1 μM?