Question 1

Which of the following atoms commonly found in biological molecules are often hydrogen-bond acceptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 
B)  oxygen 
C)  nitrogen 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  oxygen and nitrogen 
A)  carbon 
B)  oxygen 
C)  nitrogen 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  oxygen and nitrogen

Question 2

What happens to nonpolar molecules in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  They dissolve independently. 
B)  They aggregate together. 
C)  They precipitate. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  They dissolve independently. 
B)  They aggregate together. 
C)  They precipitate. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 3

What is the net effect of many van der Waals interactions?

Accepted Answer

At the interface of two large

Question 4

Provide a simple example of a process in which the entropy of a system changes.

Accepted Answer

Several examples can be provided, includ

Question 5

Why does DNA denature when the pH is raised above 9?

Accepted Answer

A) 	Protons dissociate from guanine bases disrupting the hydrogen bonding to the other strand. 
B) 	Protons bind to guanine residues giving them additional positive charges which disrupt the hydrogen bonding to the other strand. 
C) 	Protons bind to functional groups that serve as hydrogen-bond acceptors, thus disrupting the hydrogen bonding to the other strand. 
D) 	Protons dissociate from the phosphate groups in the backbone, which disrupts the hydrogen-bonding pattern between strands. 
E) 	None of the answers is correct. 
A) 	Protons dissociate from guanine bases disrupting the hydrogen bonding to the other strand. 
B) 	Protons bind to guanine residues giving them additional positive charges which disrupt the hydrogen bonding to the other strand. 
C) 	Protons bind to functional groups that serve as hydrogen-bond acceptors, thus disrupting the hydrogen bonding to the other strand. 
D) 	Protons dissociate from the phosphate groups in the backbone, which disrupts the hydrogen-bonding pattern between strands. 
E) 	None of the answers is correct.

Question 6

If most proteins are found surrounded by water in the cell, what type of functional groups would you expect to find on the surface of a water-soluble protein?

Accepted Answer

Polar and charged am

Question 7

How can a cell exist if the Second Law of Thermodynamics is true?

Accepted Answer

Entropy in a local area can be

Question 8

When solutions containing complementary single strands of DNA are mixed, a loss of entropy occurs. How is it that the Second Law of Thermodynamics is not violated?

Accepted Answer

Heat must

Question 9

What are some of the medical implications of the human genome project?

Accepted Answer

The obvious use is in diagnosing disease

Question 10

Approximately what percentage of the human genome encodes proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  50% 
B)  90% 
C)  20% 
D)  3% 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  50% 
B)  90% 
C)  20% 
D)  3% 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 11

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states

Accepted Answer

A)  the total entropy of a system and its surroundings always increases for a spontaneous process. 
B)  temperatures will always decrease in a spontaneous process. 
C)  the total energy of a system and its surroundings is constant. 
D)  diversity is the result of gradual evolution. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  the total entropy of a system and its surroundings always increases for a spontaneous process. 
B)  temperatures will always decrease in a spontaneous process. 
C)  the total energy of a system and its surroundings is constant. 
D)  diversity is the result of gradual evolution. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 12

The fundamental groups of organisms include Eukarya, Bacteria, and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Plantae 
B)  Animalia 
C)  Protista 
D)  Archaea 
E)  Fungi 
A)  Plantae 
B)  Animalia 
C)  Protista 
D)  Archaea 
E)  Fungi

Question 13

DNA is made from the building blocks adenine, guanine, cytosine and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  uridine 
B)  thymine 
C)  inosine 
D)  ribose 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  uridine 
B)  thymine 
C)  inosine 
D)  ribose 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 14

Describe resonance structures.

Accepted Answer

Resonance structures are ways of writing

Question 15

If a particular reaction has a negative $\Delta$G, is it likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Not unless energy is added to the system 
B)  Yes, if it is coupled to another reaction 
C)  Yes, it is spontaneous. 
D)  No, it is not spontaneous. 
E)  Yes, as long as the temperature increases 
A)  Not unless energy is added to the system 
B)  Yes, if it is coupled to another reaction 
C)  Yes, it is spontaneous. 
D)  No, it is not spontaneous. 
E)  Yes, as long as the temperature increases

Question 16

What is the significance of using $\Delta$G in biochemistry?

Accepted Answer

Gibbs free energy, also called the free-

Question 17

The First Law of Thermodynamics states

Accepted Answer

A)  diversity is the result of gradual evolution. 
B)  the total entropy of a system and its surroundings always increases for a spontaneous process. 
C)  the total energy of a system and its surroundings is constant. 
D)  light is both particle and wave. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  diversity is the result of gradual evolution. 
B)  the total entropy of a system and its surroundings always increases for a spontaneous process. 
C)  the total energy of a system and its surroundings is constant. 
D)  light is both particle and wave. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 18

What did Watson and Crick suggest to be significant about the base pairing found in the helix?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allowed the DNA to twist in a helix. 
B)  The DNA could be circular. 
C)  It was a mechanism for copying. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  It allowed the DNA to twist in a helix. 
B)  The DNA could be circular. 
C)  It was a mechanism for copying. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 19

Which is the correct order of decreasing bond strengths?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, van der Waals interactions 
B)  hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, covalent bonds 
C)  van der Waals interactions, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds 
D)  covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions 
E)  hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions 
A)  hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, van der Waals interactions 
B)  hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, covalent bonds 
C)  van der Waals interactions, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds 
D)  covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions 
E)  hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions

Question 20

The structure of DNA described by Watson and Crick included

Accepted Answer

A)  a double helix. 
B)  the sugar phosphate backbone aligned in the center of the helix. 
C)  the base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the double helix. 
D)  both a double helix and the sugar phosphate backbone aligned in the center of the helix 
E)  a double helix and the base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the double helix 
A)  a double helix. 
B)  the sugar phosphate backbone aligned in the center of the helix. 
C)  the base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the double helix. 
D)  both a double helix and the sugar phosphate backbone aligned in the center of the helix 
E)  a double helix and the base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the double helix

Exam 1: Biochemistry: an Evolving Science

Which of the following atoms commonly found in biological molecules are often hydrogen-bond acceptors?

What happens to nonpolar molecules in water?

What is the net effect of many van der Waals interactions?

Provide a simple example of a process in which the entropy of a system changes.

Why does DNA denature when the pH is raised above 9?

If most proteins are found surrounded by water in the cell, what type of functional groups would you expect to find on the surface of a water-soluble protein?

How can a cell exist if the Second Law of Thermodynamics is true?

When solutions containing complementary single strands of DNA are mixed, a loss of entropy occurs. How is it that the Second Law of Thermodynamics is not violated?

What are some of the medical implications of the human genome project?

Approximately what percentage of the human genome encodes proteins?

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states

The fundamental groups of organisms include Eukarya, Bacteria, and _____.

DNA is made from the building blocks adenine, guanine, cytosine and _____.

Describe resonance structures.

If a particular reaction has a negative Δ\DeltaΔ G, is it likely to occur?

What is the significance of using Δ\DeltaΔ G in biochemistry?

The First Law of Thermodynamics states

What did Watson and Crick suggest to be significant about the base pairing found in the helix?

Which is the correct order of decreasing bond strengths?

The structure of DNA described by Watson and Crick included

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

Filters

If a particular reaction has a negative $\Delta$ G, is it likely to occur?

What is the significance of using $\Delta$ G in biochemistry?