Question 1

Which of the following is implied by Nell's claim that we have a duty to try to prevent famine deaths?

Accepted Answer

A)  We must do everything in our power to maximize happiness and minimize the number of famine deaths. 
B)  We have an obligation to decrease the population of the world so that resources and foodstuffs will last longer. 
C)  We have a duty to first prevent deaths in our country and then, only afterward, try to prevent famine deaths in other countries. 
D)  If we do nothing to prevent and postpone famine deaths, then we are blameworthy to some extent for those deaths. 
A)  We must do everything in our power to maximize happiness and minimize the number of famine deaths. 
B)  We have an obligation to decrease the population of the world so that resources and foodstuffs will last longer. 
C)  We have a duty to first prevent deaths in our country and then, only afterward, try to prevent famine deaths in other countries. 
D)  If we do nothing to prevent and postpone famine deaths, then we are blameworthy to some extent for those deaths.

Question 2

Aristotle argues that there is a direct connection between acting virtuously and feeling pleasure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

According to Dershowitz, torture is sometimes, but not always, an effective measure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Why does Thomas think that merely changing belief is insufficient to eliminate bias from hiring decisions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Changing beliefs is insufficient to eliminate bias from hiring decisions unless those in charge of hiring decisions themselves have sincere beliefs in equality. 
B)  Changing beliefs does not eliminate bias from hiring decisions because the most qualified candidates could still be white men and result in a faculty that lacks diversity. 
C)  Since changing beliefs is impossible when they are so deeply ingrained and entrenched in society, the only option is to wait until racist and sexist people die out. 
D)  The sincere belief in equality does not necessarily lead to a change in attitude and feelings in everyday interactions and does not eliminate residual and unintentional attitudes of racism and sexism. 
A)  Changing beliefs is insufficient to eliminate bias from hiring decisions unless those in charge of hiring decisions themselves have sincere beliefs in equality. 
B)  Changing beliefs does not eliminate bias from hiring decisions because the most qualified candidates could still be white men and result in a faculty that lacks diversity. 
C)  Since changing beliefs is impossible when they are so deeply ingrained and entrenched in society, the only option is to wait until racist and sexist people die out. 
D)  The sincere belief in equality does not necessarily lead to a change in attitude and feelings in everyday interactions and does not eliminate residual and unintentional attitudes of racism and sexism.

Question 5

Steinbock argues that:

Accepted Answer

A)  We are justified to give greater consideration to human interests because there are morally relevant differences between human and nonhuman animals' capacities. 
B)  We are justified to give greater consideration to human interests because there are relevant differences between human and nonhuman animals' levels of sentience. 
C)  We are justified to give greater consideration to human interests because nonhuman animals lack the capacity to feel pain and enjoyment. 
D)  We are justified to give greater consideration to human interests because nonhuman animals have no interests at all. 
A)  We are justified to give greater consideration to human interests because there are morally relevant differences between human and nonhuman animals' capacities. 
B)  We are justified to give greater consideration to human interests because there are relevant differences between human and nonhuman animals' levels of sentience. 
C)  We are justified to give greater consideration to human interests because nonhuman animals lack the capacity to feel pain and enjoyment. 
D)  We are justified to give greater consideration to human interests because nonhuman animals have no interests at all.

Question 6

Marquis argues that there is no difference between "human being" as a biological category and "human being" as a moral category and that this is why the pro-choice argument fails.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Thomson grants that the fetus is a person from the moment of conception but still thinks abortion is, in some cases, morally permissible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Dougherty claims that intentions are restrictive and implicit but not extensive or explicit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

According to McMahan, an action is said to be subjectively permissible if the truth of the agent's reasonably held beliefs would make it objectively justified.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following best captures Abbate's definition of an "unprotected civilian"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Any civilian that is not guarded by enemy soldiers. 
B)  A civilian from any country other than the soldier's country. 
C)  A civilian from an enemy country. 
D)  Any noncombatant. 
A)  Any civilian that is not guarded by enemy soldiers. 
B)  A civilian from any country other than the soldier's country. 
C)  A civilian from an enemy country. 
D)  Any noncombatant.

Question 11

Which of the following best captures Liu's main argument for the claim that overgeneralizations, especially involving disadvantageous treatment, can be offensive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Such overgeneralizations are offensive because they disregard people's individuality by treating them as interchangeable tokens of a type and because they unfairly deny them appropriate respect for their individual qualities. 
B)  Such overgeneralizations are offensive because they treat people as tokens to be bought or sold on the market when people's moral value is infinite and cannot be commodified or quantified. 
C)  Such overgeneralizations are offensive because they treat people as an entire group in general and compare which groups are superior to other groups. 
D)  Such overgeneralizations are offensive because nobody can really know all the attributes of anybody else and nobody can truly judge the moral worth of others. 
A)  Such overgeneralizations are offensive because they disregard people's individuality by treating them as interchangeable tokens of a type and because they unfairly deny them appropriate respect for their individual qualities. 
B)  Such overgeneralizations are offensive because they treat people as tokens to be bought or sold on the market when people's moral value is infinite and cannot be commodified or quantified. 
C)  Such overgeneralizations are offensive because they treat people as an entire group in general and compare which groups are superior to other groups. 
D)  Such overgeneralizations are offensive because nobody can really know all the attributes of anybody else and nobody can truly judge the moral worth of others.

Question 12

Garcia argues that Kiplingesque paternalism, although ostensibly "well-meaning," is still racist because it is malevolent and denies people the equal respect they deserve.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Dougherty argues that although knowledge of another's deal breakers is not always easy to come by, especially if the person does not know them him- or herself, such knowledge is unnecessary for a deceiver to lack a victim's valid consent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Imagine two people who donate money to local charities out of a desire to benefit people in their community. One person's money is used well to help a local family. The other person's money is stolen from the charity's bank account by hackers. Which of the following would Collins be most likely to say about the moral value of these acts of donating to charity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neither act has any value because neither person has an actual relationship with the people being helped. 
B)  The person whose money was well spent performed the more morally valuable action because it had better effects. 
C)  The person whose money was well spent performed the more morally valuable action because the other person should have been more careful about where he or she donated money. 
D)  Both acts are equally valuable because both people did the same thing for the same reason. 
A)  Neither act has any value because neither person has an actual relationship with the people being helped. 
B)  The person whose money was well spent performed the more morally valuable action because it had better effects. 
C)  The person whose money was well spent performed the more morally valuable action because the other person should have been more careful about where he or she donated money. 
D)  Both acts are equally valuable because both people did the same thing for the same reason.

Question 15

Which of the following best defines the notion of dignity according to Metz?

Accepted Answer

A)  The capacity for autonomous and independent action. 
B)  The value one possesses in virtue of being innocent of wrongdoing. 
C)  The capacity for friendly and loving communal relations. 
D)  The value one possesses in virtue of being a spiritual offshoot of God. 
A)  The capacity for autonomous and independent action. 
B)  The value one possesses in virtue of being innocent of wrongdoing. 
C)  The capacity for friendly and loving communal relations. 
D)  The value one possesses in virtue of being a spiritual offshoot of God.

Question 16

Why does Strawser discuss the hypothetical case of Captain Zelda ordering her subordinates to remove their bulletproof vests before attacking enemy soldiers?

Accepted Answer

A)  To explain which risks count as necessary and which count as unnecessary. 
B)  To show that the Principle of Unnecessary Risk gets the right answer in that case. 
C)  To illustrate the difference between risks that a commander may permissibly take and risks that they may permissibly order their subordinates to take. 
D)  To provide a counterexample to the Principle of Unnecessary Risk. 
A)  To explain which risks count as necessary and which count as unnecessary. 
B)  To show that the Principle of Unnecessary Risk gets the right answer in that case. 
C)  To illustrate the difference between risks that a commander may permissibly take and risks that they may permissibly order their subordinates to take. 
D)  To provide a counterexample to the Principle of Unnecessary Risk.

Question 17

Which of the following would count as an objection to Thomas's argument that points of view are not gender or color coded?

Accepted Answer

A)  Knowledge is color blind and gender blind, so universities should hire the best qualified candidates with the most knowledge, regardless of their gender or race. 
B)  People's viewpoints are affected, even if not fully determined, by their social identity and background, so a reason to have diverse faculty at a university is to help ensure that all viewpoints are represented. 
C)  Women and minority students do not necessarily need women and minority role models but can be benefited by white male faculty whom they look up to as well. 
D)  Points of views are simply beliefs, and changing beliefs is insufficient by itself to eliminate entrenched biases such as sexism or racism within educational institutions. 
A)  Knowledge is color blind and gender blind, so universities should hire the best qualified candidates with the most knowledge, regardless of their gender or race. 
B)  People's viewpoints are affected, even if not fully determined, by their social identity and background, so a reason to have diverse faculty at a university is to help ensure that all viewpoints are represented. 
C)  Women and minority students do not necessarily need women and minority role models but can be benefited by white male faculty whom they look up to as well. 
D)  Points of views are simply beliefs, and changing beliefs is insufficient by itself to eliminate entrenched biases such as sexism or racism within educational institutions.

Question 18

Which of the following is the best example of an entity or being having interests?

Accepted Answer

A)  A computer program that can reason as well as a human being. 
B)  A computer program that can reason as well as an intelligent nonhuman animal. 
C)  An alien that can reason at least as well as a human being. 
D)  A nonhuman animal that can experience suffering and enjoyment. 
A)  A computer program that can reason as well as a human being. 
B)  A computer program that can reason as well as an intelligent nonhuman animal. 
C)  An alien that can reason at least as well as a human being. 
D)  A nonhuman animal that can experience suffering and enjoyment.

Question 19

Of the following definitions, which most accurately defines the idea of racial looksism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Racial looksism is a preference that finds certain people aesthetically unappealing and sexually unattractive because of their physical appearance. 
B)  Racial looksism is a preference that finds certain people aesthetically unappealing and sexually unattractive because of their membership in a certain race. 
C)  Racial looksism is a preference that finds people who belong to the same race as oneself to be physically more appealing. 
D)  Racial looksism is a preference that finds certain people physically unappealing because they have dated members outside of their race. 
A)  Racial looksism is a preference that finds certain people aesthetically unappealing and sexually unattractive because of their physical appearance. 
B)  Racial looksism is a preference that finds certain people aesthetically unappealing and sexually unattractive because of their membership in a certain race. 
C)  Racial looksism is a preference that finds people who belong to the same race as oneself to be physically more appealing. 
D)  Racial looksism is a preference that finds certain people physically unappealing because they have dated members outside of their race.

Question 20

In Akan ethics, as long as someone is promoting the community's interests, it doesn't matter whether he or she is acting out of self-interest or a concern for others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which of the following is implied by Nell's claim that we have a duty to try to prevent famine deaths?

Aristotle argues that there is a direct connection between acting virtuously and feeling pleasure.

According to Dershowitz, torture is sometimes, but not always, an effective measure.

Why does Thomas think that merely changing belief is insufficient to eliminate bias from hiring decisions?

Steinbock argues that:

Marquis argues that there is no difference between "human being" as a biological category and "human being" as a moral category and that this is why the pro-choice argument fails.

Thomson grants that the fetus is a person from the moment of conception but still thinks abortion is, in some cases, morally permissible.

Dougherty claims that intentions are restrictive and implicit but not extensive or explicit.

According to McMahan, an action is said to be subjectively permissible if the truth of the agent's reasonably held beliefs would make it objectively justified.

Which of the following best captures Abbate's definition of an "unprotected civilian"?

Which of the following best captures Liu's main argument for the claim that overgeneralizations, especially involving disadvantageous treatment, can be offensive?

Garcia argues that Kiplingesque paternalism, although ostensibly "well-meaning," is still racist because it is malevolent and denies people the equal respect they deserve.

Dougherty argues that although knowledge of another's deal breakers is not always easy to come by, especially if the person does not know them him- or herself, such knowledge is unnecessary for a deceiver to lack a victim's valid consent.

Which of the following best defines the notion of dignity according to Metz?

Why does Strawser discuss the hypothetical case of Captain Zelda ordering her subordinates to remove their bulletproof vests before attacking enemy soldiers?

Which of the following would count as an objection to Thomas's argument that points of view are not gender or color coded?

Which of the following is the best example of an entity or being having interests?

Of the following definitions, which most accurately defines the idea of racial looksism?

In Akan ethics, as long as someone is promoting the community's interests, it doesn't matter whether he or she is acting out of self-interest or a concern for others.

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Filters

Exam 13: Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

Which of the following is implied by Nell's claim that we have a duty to try to prevent famine deaths?

Aristotle argues that there is a direct connection between acting virtuously and feeling pleasure.

According to Dershowitz, torture is sometimes, but not always, an effective measure.

Why does Thomas think that merely changing belief is insufficient to eliminate bias from hiring decisions?

Steinbock argues that:

Marquis argues that there is no difference between "human being" as a biological category and "human being" as a moral category and that this is why the pro-choice argument fails.

Thomson grants that the fetus is a person from the moment of conception but still thinks abortion is, in some cases, morally permissible.

Dougherty claims that intentions are restrictive and implicit but not extensive or explicit.

According to McMahan, an action is said to be subjectively permissible if the truth of the agent's reasonably held beliefs would make it objectively justified.

Which of the following best captures Abbate's definition of an "unprotected civilian"?

Which of the following best captures Liu's main argument for the claim that overgeneralizations, especially involving disadvantageous treatment, can be offensive?

Garcia argues that Kiplingesque paternalism, although ostensibly "well-meaning," is still racist because it is malevolent and denies people the equal respect they deserve.

Dougherty argues that although knowledge of another's deal breakers is not always easy to come by, especially if the person does not know them him- or herself, such knowledge is unnecessary for a deceiver to lack a victim's valid consent.

Which of the following best defines the notion of dignity according to Metz?

Why does Strawser discuss the hypothetical case of Captain Zelda ordering her subordinates to remove their bulletproof vests before attacking enemy soldiers?

Which of the following would count as an objection to Thomas's argument that points of view are not gender or color coded?

Which of the following is the best example of an entity or being having interests?

Of the following definitions, which most accurately defines the idea of racial looksism?

In Akan ethics, as long as someone is promoting the community's interests, it doesn't matter whether he or she is acting out of self-interest or a concern for others.

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Filters