Question 1

According to Estes, we cannot separate our sexuality from our humanity, personality, or well-being more generally.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Shue's main conclusion is that torture should be legally sanctioned in certain rare circumstances.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

According to Wolf, a key argument against physician-assisted suicide is that it is not necessary to provide humane care at the end of life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

How, according to Abbate, does a soldier's obligation to obey lawful orders show that soldiers ought not to assume extra risks to protect civilian casualties?

Accepted Answer

A)  Soldiers have a role-based obligation to abide by lawful orders, even if those orders prohibit the soldier from assuming extra risks to avoid collateral casualties. Therefore, if soldiers are ordered not to assume those risks, they are forbidden to do so. 
B)  Any order that does not require soldiers to assume extra risks to protect civilians is unlawful. Therefore, soldiers are not obligated to assume those risks. 
C)  The US Field Manual prohibits soldiers from assuming extra risks to protect civilians. Therefore, soldiers are obligated not to assume extra risks to protect civilians. 
D)  According to the principles of jus in bello, soldiers operate under a standing order to protect civilians. Therefore, they are obligated to assume any necessary risks to avoid collateral casualties. 
A)  Soldiers have a role-based obligation to abide by lawful orders, even if those orders prohibit the soldier from assuming extra risks to avoid collateral casualties. Therefore, if soldiers are ordered not to assume those risks, they are forbidden to do so. 
B)  Any order that does not require soldiers to assume extra risks to protect civilians is unlawful. Therefore, soldiers are not obligated to assume those risks. 
C)  The US Field Manual prohibits soldiers from assuming extra risks to protect civilians. Therefore, soldiers are obligated not to assume extra risks to protect civilians. 
D)  According to the principles of jus in bello, soldiers operate under a standing order to protect civilians. Therefore, they are obligated to assume any necessary risks to avoid collateral casualties.

Question 5

What is the point of the story about Mencius, King Xuan, and the ox?

Accepted Answer

A)  That King Xuan is stingy for replacing an ox with a sheep, and this stinginess is why his people resent him. 
B)  That King Xuan has the capacity to feel benevolence for others but still needs to extend that benevolence to his people. 
C)  That King Xuan should have sacrificed the ox because that is what ritual propriety demands. 
D)  That King Xuan sets a bad example for his subjects by deviating from official rituals based on his personal feelings. 
A)  That King Xuan is stingy for replacing an ox with a sheep, and this stinginess is why his people resent him. 
B)  That King Xuan has the capacity to feel benevolence for others but still needs to extend that benevolence to his people. 
C)  That King Xuan should have sacrificed the ox because that is what ritual propriety demands. 
D)  That King Xuan sets a bad example for his subjects by deviating from official rituals based on his personal feelings.

Question 6

What is the only thing that is "good without qualification," according to Kant? Why? What does it mean for something to be "good without qualification"?

Accepted Answer

According to Kant, the only thing that i

Question 7

According to Warren, a human fetus is not an instance of a person because:

Accepted Answer

A)  A human fetus is not a member of any community yet. 
B)  A human fetus is dependent on the mother for its survival. 
C)  A human fetus hasn't acquired a language yet. 
D)  A human fetus isn't fully conscious and can neither reason nor communicate. 
A)  A human fetus is not a member of any community yet. 
B)  A human fetus is dependent on the mother for its survival. 
C)  A human fetus hasn't acquired a language yet. 
D)  A human fetus isn't fully conscious and can neither reason nor communicate.

Question 8

Strawser argues that the lower costs of uninhabited aerial vehicles, compared to regular military aircraft, is a reason to favor them over regular military aircraft.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Why does Woollard discuss the argument that requiring people to make considerable sacrifices to aid others is too demanding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Woollard discusses the argument so that she can develop an additional independent premise for why the requirement to make considerable sacrifice to aid others should be restricted. 
B)  Woollard discusses the argument so she can elaborate on what conditions make a requirement too demanding versus just demanding enough. 
C)  Woollard refutes the argument and demonstrates that morality is an ideal that should be as demanding as possible. 
D)  Woollard is reporting an argument that many philosophers use to argue against Singer's principle. 
A)  Woollard discusses the argument so that she can develop an additional independent premise for why the requirement to make considerable sacrifice to aid others should be restricted. 
B)  Woollard discusses the argument so she can elaborate on what conditions make a requirement too demanding versus just demanding enough. 
C)  Woollard refutes the argument and demonstrates that morality is an ideal that should be as demanding as possible. 
D)  Woollard is reporting an argument that many philosophers use to argue against Singer's principle.

Question 10

How might someone object to Thomas's claim that knowledge is color blind or his implication that viewpoints are not informed by people's social identity such as their gender or race? Does the objection you state have any implications for affirmative action?

Accepted Answer

Someone might object to Thomas's claim b

Question 11

According to Collins, why do relationships have to be objectively life enhancing for the people in them to be morally valuable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because otherwise care ethics would imply that people in abusive relationships should always try to promote and preserve those relationships. 
B)  Because if morality is not objective, then no particular moral theory, including care ethics, can be correct, in which case care ethicists couldn't call those relationships morally valuable. 
C)  Because people may not care about others with whom they have only distant relationships, but those relationships are still just as important as closer relationships. 
D)  Because relationships, like food, shelter, and so on, are morally important only insofar as they benefit people. 
A)  Because otherwise care ethics would imply that people in abusive relationships should always try to promote and preserve those relationships. 
B)  Because if morality is not objective, then no particular moral theory, including care ethics, can be correct, in which case care ethicists couldn't call those relationships morally valuable. 
C)  Because people may not care about others with whom they have only distant relationships, but those relationships are still just as important as closer relationships. 
D)  Because relationships, like food, shelter, and so on, are morally important only insofar as they benefit people.

Question 12

In your own words, explain Collins's argument that the effects of a caring action matter to the moral value of the action. How might someone object to that argument?

Accepted Answer

Collins argues that the effects of a car

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of justified privileging of humans' interests over those of nonhuman animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Torturing a cat to relieve boredom. 
B)  Scientific experiments that cause pain in animals but produce a significant benefit for humans. 
C)  Factory farming to produce meat for human consumption. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Torturing a cat to relieve boredom. 
B)  Scientific experiments that cause pain in animals but produce a significant benefit for humans. 
C)  Factory farming to produce meat for human consumption. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 14

Which of the following can we infer from Singer's claim that a vegetarian diet is sufficient for human health?

Accepted Answer

A)  If it turns out that the claim is false, then perhaps eating meat can be consistent with the principle of equality. 
B)  No human beings should ever eat meat. 
C)  No carnivorous animal's interests deserve equal consideration. 
D)  Carnivorous animals' interests deserve unequal consideration. 
A)  If it turns out that the claim is false, then perhaps eating meat can be consistent with the principle of equality. 
B)  No human beings should ever eat meat. 
C)  No carnivorous animal's interests deserve equal consideration. 
D)  Carnivorous animals' interests deserve unequal consideration.

Question 15

According to McMahan, people who have, by their actions, made themselves liable to be tortured deserve to be tortured.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following can we infer from Eaton's argument that pornography is one salient component in a complex causal mechanism that harms women?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pornography is the most important component contributing to gender inequity. 
B)  Eliminating pornography, even if it could be done, would not by itself solve gender inequity. 
C)  Pornography should be regulated by the government to reduce its salience in the complex causal mechanism that harms women. 
D)  Pornography is necessary but not sufficient to cause harm to women. 
A)  Pornography is the most important component contributing to gender inequity. 
B)  Eliminating pornography, even if it could be done, would not by itself solve gender inequity. 
C)  Pornography should be regulated by the government to reduce its salience in the complex causal mechanism that harms women. 
D)  Pornography is necessary but not sufficient to cause harm to women.

Question 17

Warren argues that a fetus's right to life is of greater significance than a would-be mother's right to property or right to liberty.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which personal relationships are morally important, according to Collins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Any relationship that is personally important to the people in the relationship. 
B)  Any relationship that the members' community or culture regards as especially significant. 
C)  Any relationship that is both important to the people in it and life enhancing for the people in it. 
D)  Any relationship that makes the people in it better off, regardless of whether they themselves value the relationship. 
A)  Any relationship that is personally important to the people in the relationship. 
B)  Any relationship that the members' community or culture regards as especially significant. 
C)  Any relationship that is both important to the people in it and life enhancing for the people in it. 
D)  Any relationship that makes the people in it better off, regardless of whether they themselves value the relationship.

Question 19

Why does Marquis discuss the desire account and the discontinuation account?

Accepted Answer

Don Marquis, a philosopher best known fo

Question 20

Which of the following can we infer from Singer's claim that the principle of equality is equality of consideration?

Accepted Answer

A)  We can meet the demands of the principle of equality by treating equally all those creatures whose interests we consider. 
B)  If we don't consider a creature's interests, it's because those interests don't deserve consideration. 
C)  If an animal doesn't consider humans' interests in its decision making, then we ought equally not consider its interests. 
D)  We can meet the demands of the principle of equality and still treat other species differently. 
A)  We can meet the demands of the principle of equality by treating equally all those creatures whose interests we consider. 
B)  If we don't consider a creature's interests, it's because those interests don't deserve consideration. 
C)  If an animal doesn't consider humans' interests in its decision making, then we ought equally not consider its interests. 
D)  We can meet the demands of the principle of equality and still treat other species differently.

According to Estes, we cannot separate our sexuality from our humanity, personality, or well-being more generally.

Shue's main conclusion is that torture should be legally sanctioned in certain rare circumstances.

According to Wolf, a key argument against physician-assisted suicide is that it is not necessary to provide humane care at the end of life.

How, according to Abbate, does a soldier's obligation to obey lawful orders show that soldiers ought not to assume extra risks to protect civilian casualties?

What is the point of the story about Mencius, King Xuan, and the ox?

What is the only thing that is "good without qualification," according to Kant? Why? What does it mean for something to be "good without qualification"?

According to Warren, a human fetus is not an instance of a person because:

Strawser argues that the lower costs of uninhabited aerial vehicles, compared to regular military aircraft, is a reason to favor them over regular military aircraft.

Why does Woollard discuss the argument that requiring people to make considerable sacrifices to aid others is too demanding?

How might someone object to Thomas's claim that knowledge is color blind or his implication that viewpoints are not informed by people's social identity such as their gender or race? Does the objection you state have any implications for affirmative action?

According to Collins, why do relationships have to be objectively life enhancing for the people in them to be morally valuable?

In your own words, explain Collins's argument that the effects of a caring action matter to the moral value of the action. How might someone object to that argument?

Which of the following is an example of justified privileging of humans' interests over those of nonhuman animals?

Which of the following can we infer from Singer's claim that a vegetarian diet is sufficient for human health?

According to McMahan, people who have, by their actions, made themselves liable to be tortured deserve to be tortured.

Which of the following can we infer from Eaton's argument that pornography is one salient component in a complex causal mechanism that harms women?

Warren argues that a fetus's right to life is of greater significance than a would-be mother's right to property or right to liberty.

Which personal relationships are morally important, according to Collins?

Why does Marquis discuss the desire account and the discontinuation account?

Which of the following can we infer from Singer's claim that the principle of equality is equality of consideration?

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Filters

Exam 13: Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

According to Estes, we cannot separate our sexuality from our humanity, personality, or well-being more generally.

Shue's main conclusion is that torture should be legally sanctioned in certain rare circumstances.

According to Wolf, a key argument against physician-assisted suicide is that it is not necessary to provide humane care at the end of life.

How, according to Abbate, does a soldier's obligation to obey lawful orders show that soldiers ought not to assume extra risks to protect civilian casualties?

What is the point of the story about Mencius, King Xuan, and the ox?

What is the only thing that is "good without qualification," according to Kant? Why? What does it mean for something to be "good without qualification"?

According to Warren, a human fetus is not an instance of a person because:

Strawser argues that the lower costs of uninhabited aerial vehicles, compared to regular military aircraft, is a reason to favor them over regular military aircraft.

Why does Woollard discuss the argument that requiring people to make considerable sacrifices to aid others is too demanding?

How might someone object to Thomas's claim that knowledge is color blind or his implication that viewpoints are not informed by people's social identity such as their gender or race? Does the objection you state have any implications for affirmative action?

According to Collins, why do relationships have to be objectively life enhancing for the people in them to be morally valuable?

In your own words, explain Collins's argument that the effects of a caring action matter to the moral value of the action. How might someone object to that argument?

Which of the following is an example of justified privileging of humans' interests over those of nonhuman animals?

Which of the following can we infer from Singer's claim that a vegetarian diet is sufficient for human health?

According to McMahan, people who have, by their actions, made themselves liable to be tortured deserve to be tortured.

Which of the following can we infer from Eaton's argument that pornography is one salient component in a complex causal mechanism that harms women?

Warren argues that a fetus's right to life is of greater significance than a would-be mother's right to property or right to liberty.

Which personal relationships are morally important, according to Collins?

Why does Marquis discuss the desire account and the discontinuation account?

Which of the following can we infer from Singer's claim that the principle of equality is equality of consideration?

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Filters