Question 1

Which of the following best defines the concept of ubuntu according to Metz?

Accepted Answer

A)  The moral way of human life rooted in the prizing of community. 
B)  The dignity one possesses in virtue of being an autonomous agent. 
C)  The traditionally African concept of a right to self-determination. 
D)  The right to life one possesses in virtue of acting ethically toward others. 
A)  The moral way of human life rooted in the prizing of community. 
B)  The dignity one possesses in virtue of being an autonomous agent. 
C)  The traditionally African concept of a right to self-determination. 
D)  The right to life one possesses in virtue of acting ethically toward others.

Question 2

Of the following definitions, which most accurately define the idea of inegalitarian pornography, as Eaton understands it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexually explicit representations that depict violence against women. 
B)  Sexually explicit representations that shape the attitudes and conduct of its audience in ways that are injurious to women. 
C)  Sexually explicit representations that eroticize activities or relations marked by gender inequity. 
D)  Sexually explicit representations whose production involves the unequal pay of men and women. 
A)  Sexually explicit representations that depict violence against women. 
B)  Sexually explicit representations that shape the attitudes and conduct of its audience in ways that are injurious to women. 
C)  Sexually explicit representations that eroticize activities or relations marked by gender inequity. 
D)  Sexually explicit representations whose production involves the unequal pay of men and women.

Question 3

Estes identifies humanity with its free capacity to conceive and will its own goals, which entails that humans have dignity and deserve respect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following constitutes the best definition of terroristic torture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Torture primarily conducted for the purpose of obtaining information from the subject. 
B)  Torture of individuals suspected of collaborating in organized terrorist activity. 
C)  Torture primarily conducted for the purpose of sadistically inflicting pain on the subject. 
D)  Torture intended primarily for the intimidation of people other than the subject. 
A)  Torture primarily conducted for the purpose of obtaining information from the subject. 
B)  Torture of individuals suspected of collaborating in organized terrorist activity. 
C)  Torture primarily conducted for the purpose of sadistically inflicting pain on the subject. 
D)  Torture intended primarily for the intimidation of people other than the subject.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an example of an entity or being having interests?

Accepted Answer

A)  A computer program that can reason as well as a human being. 
B)  A computer program that can experience pleasure or pain. 
C)  An alien that is capable of suffering and enjoyment. 
D)  A nonhuman animal that can experience pleasure or pain. 
A)  A computer program that can reason as well as a human being. 
B)  A computer program that can experience pleasure or pain. 
C)  An alien that is capable of suffering and enjoyment. 
D)  A nonhuman animal that can experience pleasure or pain.

Question 6

Which of the following best expresses McMahan's "criterion of responsibility"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Soldiers may attack or kill anyone who is to some degree morally responsible for an unjust threat or an unjust war, but not anyone else. 
B)  Soldiers may attack or kill any unjust combatant and anyone else who is morally responsible for an unjust threat. 
C)  Soldiers may attack or kill any combatant who is morally responsible for his or her participation in the war. 
D)  Soldiers are morally responsible for the deaths they cause, even when those deaths are collateral damage in pursuit of a legitimate military objective. 
A)  Soldiers may attack or kill anyone who is to some degree morally responsible for an unjust threat or an unjust war, but not anyone else. 
B)  Soldiers may attack or kill any unjust combatant and anyone else who is morally responsible for an unjust threat. 
C)  Soldiers may attack or kill any combatant who is morally responsible for his or her participation in the war. 
D)  Soldiers are morally responsible for the deaths they cause, even when those deaths are collateral damage in pursuit of a legitimate military objective.

Question 7

According to Wolf, which of the following is a necessary condition for any act of euthanasia?

Accepted Answer

A)  The patient is unable to offer informed consent to the death-causing act. 
B)  The patient is unwilling to offer informed consent to the death-causing act. 
C)  The doctor him- or herself, not the patient, performs the death-causing act. 
D)  The doctor has previously diagnosed the patient with a terminal illness. 
A)  The patient is unable to offer informed consent to the death-causing act. 
B)  The patient is unwilling to offer informed consent to the death-causing act. 
C)  The doctor him- or herself, not the patient, performs the death-causing act. 
D)  The doctor has previously diagnosed the patient with a terminal illness.

Question 8

What is the "Anthropocene?" Why does Krakoff think that the Anthropocene requires humans to rethink their relationship to the natural world?

Accepted Answer

The "Anthropocene" is a term used to des

Question 9

According to Aristotle, each virtue is an intermediate between two vices.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What is the special virtue of justice, according to Aristotle?

Accepted Answer

Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher

Question 11

Which virtues does Krakoff think people are exhibiting when they act to reduce climate change?

Accepted Answer

A)  Love and empathy. 
B)  Caretaking and wisdom. 
C)  Self-sacrifice and hopefulness. 
D)  Maturity and humility. 
A)  Love and empathy. 
B)  Caretaking and wisdom. 
C)  Self-sacrifice and hopefulness. 
D)  Maturity and humility.

Question 12

Which of the following would constitute an objection to Nathanson's main argument in "An Eye for an Eye"?

Accepted Answer

A)  The death penalty is often impermissible because it is more barbaric than most murders because of the time that elapses between conviction and execution. 
B)  There is no distinction between equality and proportional retributivism because the only proportional retribution to a crime will be strictly identical to the crime itself. 
C)  Proportional retributivism is untenable because there is no way to objectively determine the degree of suffering that a victim of crime experienced. 
D)  Retributivist principles do justify capital punishment because execution is an appropriately severe and final retribution to murder, which is inherently wrong. 
A)  The death penalty is often impermissible because it is more barbaric than most murders because of the time that elapses between conviction and execution. 
B)  There is no distinction between equality and proportional retributivism because the only proportional retribution to a crime will be strictly identical to the crime itself. 
C)  Proportional retributivism is untenable because there is no way to objectively determine the degree of suffering that a victim of crime experienced. 
D)  Retributivist principles do justify capital punishment because execution is an appropriately severe and final retribution to murder, which is inherently wrong.

Question 13

Which of the following would most count as an objection to Woollard's argument that proximity is a morally relevant factor when determining our obligations to aid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Since saving a child drowning in the river is morally different from putting money in an envelope to donate to UNICEF, proximity is not a morally relevant factor when determining our duties to prevent suffering. 
B)  People far away are still humans with the same equal moral worth as every other human and deserve the same treatment as people close to us. 
C)  The fact that our world is so interconnected and most people in affluent countries are able to prevent poverty-related deaths by donating to charities entails there is a close connection between affluent agents and victims, making proximity irrelevant in our current situation. 
D)  People's bodies do not belong to them because bodies are not pieces of property that can be alienated or separated from a person. 
A)  Since saving a child drowning in the river is morally different from putting money in an envelope to donate to UNICEF, proximity is not a morally relevant factor when determining our duties to prevent suffering. 
B)  People far away are still humans with the same equal moral worth as every other human and deserve the same treatment as people close to us. 
C)  The fact that our world is so interconnected and most people in affluent countries are able to prevent poverty-related deaths by donating to charities entails there is a close connection between affluent agents and victims, making proximity irrelevant in our current situation. 
D)  People's bodies do not belong to them because bodies are not pieces of property that can be alienated or separated from a person.

Question 14

Explain in your own words the argumentative role played by Woollard's claim that morality must recognize a person's body and resources as genuinely belonging to him or her.

Accepted Answer

Woollard's claim that morality must reco

Question 15

What are the differences between caring attitudes and caring actions, according to Collins?

Accepted Answer

According to Collins, the main differenc

Question 16

How do people become virtuous, according to Aristotle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because virtue is natural to human beings, we do not need to do anything to become virtuous. 
B)  Human beings become virtuous by doing virtuous actions enough to develop virtuous habits. 
C)  Human beings become virtuous through culture, since culture helps us overcome our bad habits. 
D)  Human beings become virtuous by recognizing their true function. 
A)  Because virtue is natural to human beings, we do not need to do anything to become virtuous. 
B)  Human beings become virtuous by doing virtuous actions enough to develop virtuous habits. 
C)  Human beings become virtuous through culture, since culture helps us overcome our bad habits. 
D)  Human beings become virtuous by recognizing their true function.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a necessary condition for euthanasia, according to Gay-Williams?

Accepted Answer

A)  The life-taking action is deliberate and intentional. 
B)  The life taken is the life of a human being. 
C)  Recovery of the patient cannot be reasonably expected. 
D)  The victim's life is taken painlessly and peacefully. 
A)  The life-taking action is deliberate and intentional. 
B)  The life taken is the life of a human being. 
C)  Recovery of the patient cannot be reasonably expected. 
D)  The victim's life is taken painlessly and peacefully.

Question 18

According to Collins, relationships are morally valuable whenever their participants take them to be important to their own lives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Thomas's main conclusion in this paper is:

Accepted Answer

A)  He matters as a black professor within the academy. 
B)  Women and minority faculty matter because it is important for the ethnic and gender composition of faculty members to be proportional to their numbers in society. 
C)  Women and minority faculty matter because they represent the hope that the university is an environment where the trust that gives rise to intellectual affirmation and gratitude is possible for everyone. 
D)  Women and minority faculty matter because otherwise the "ole boy" network of white males would remain intact. 
A)  He matters as a black professor within the academy. 
B)  Women and minority faculty matter because it is important for the ethnic and gender composition of faculty members to be proportional to their numbers in society. 
C)  Women and minority faculty matter because they represent the hope that the university is an environment where the trust that gives rise to intellectual affirmation and gratitude is possible for everyone. 
D)  Women and minority faculty matter because otherwise the "ole boy" network of white males would remain intact.

Question 20

Which of the following best captures Singer's response to the objection that his position requires too drastic of a revision to our traditional moral scheme?

Accepted Answer

A)  Traditional moral standards should be revolutionized from time to time to prevent moral stagnation and enable social progress. 
B)  Just because a position requires significantly departing from expected and ordinary moral standards is not evidence against that position, but may be evidence against our traditional moral codes. 
C)  We should always have high demands from people when theorizing about morality because it is best to set lofty and noble expectations for people to strive to achieve. 
D)  Traditional moral standards are always suspect and baseless conclusions of religious doctrine and we should start over when theorizing about morality to ground it in reason. 
A)  Traditional moral standards should be revolutionized from time to time to prevent moral stagnation and enable social progress. 
B)  Just because a position requires significantly departing from expected and ordinary moral standards is not evidence against that position, but may be evidence against our traditional moral codes. 
C)  We should always have high demands from people when theorizing about morality because it is best to set lofty and noble expectations for people to strive to achieve. 
D)  Traditional moral standards are always suspect and baseless conclusions of religious doctrine and we should start over when theorizing about morality to ground it in reason.

Which of the following best defines the concept of ubuntu according to Metz?

Of the following definitions, which most accurately define the idea of inegalitarian pornography, as Eaton understands it?

Estes identifies humanity with its free capacity to conceive and will its own goals, which entails that humans have dignity and deserve respect.

Which of the following constitutes the best definition of terroristic torture?

Which of the following is NOT an example of an entity or being having interests?

Which of the following best expresses McMahan's "criterion of responsibility"?

According to Wolf, which of the following is a necessary condition for any act of euthanasia?

What is the "Anthropocene?" Why does Krakoff think that the Anthropocene requires humans to rethink their relationship to the natural world?

According to Aristotle, each virtue is an intermediate between two vices.

What is the special virtue of justice, according to Aristotle?

Which virtues does Krakoff think people are exhibiting when they act to reduce climate change?

Which of the following would constitute an objection to Nathanson's main argument in "An Eye for an Eye"?

Which of the following would most count as an objection to Woollard's argument that proximity is a morally relevant factor when determining our obligations to aid?

Explain in your own words the argumentative role played by Woollard's claim that morality must recognize a person's body and resources as genuinely belonging to him or her.

What are the differences between caring attitudes and caring actions, according to Collins?

How do people become virtuous, according to Aristotle?

Which of the following is not a necessary condition for euthanasia, according to Gay-Williams?

According to Collins, relationships are morally valuable whenever their participants take them to be important to their own lives.

Thomas's main conclusion in this paper is:

Which of the following best captures Singer's response to the objection that his position requires too drastic of a revision to our traditional moral scheme?

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Filters

Exam 13: Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

Which of the following best defines the concept of ubuntu according to Metz?

Of the following definitions, which most accurately define the idea of inegalitarian pornography, as Eaton understands it?

Estes identifies humanity with its free capacity to conceive and will its own goals, which entails that humans have dignity and deserve respect.

Which of the following constitutes the best definition of terroristic torture?

Which of the following is NOT an example of an entity or being having interests?

Which of the following best expresses McMahan's "criterion of responsibility"?

According to Wolf, which of the following is a necessary condition for any act of euthanasia?

What is the "Anthropocene?" Why does Krakoff think that the Anthropocene requires humans to rethink their relationship to the natural world?

According to Aristotle, each virtue is an intermediate between two vices.

What is the special virtue of justice, according to Aristotle?

Which virtues does Krakoff think people are exhibiting when they act to reduce climate change?

Which of the following would constitute an objection to Nathanson's main argument in "An Eye for an Eye"?

Which of the following would most count as an objection to Woollard's argument that proximity is a morally relevant factor when determining our obligations to aid?

Explain in your own words the argumentative role played by Woollard's claim that morality must recognize a person's body and resources as genuinely belonging to him or her.

What are the differences between caring attitudes and caring actions, according to Collins?

How do people become virtuous, according to Aristotle?

Which of the following is not a necessary condition for euthanasia, according to Gay-Williams?

According to Collins, relationships are morally valuable whenever their participants take them to be important to their own lives.

Thomas's main conclusion in this paper is:

Which of the following best captures Singer's response to the objection that his position requires too drastic of a revision to our traditional moral scheme?

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Filters