Question 1

Which of the following best captures Aristotle's idea of happiness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Happiness means different things to different people, with some people finding happiness in pleasure, some in politics, some in moneymaking, and some in study. 
B)  Happiness is complete, self-sufficient pleasure. 
C)  Happiness involves having enough external goods, such as wealth and honor, to pursue whichever form of life seems best to each person. 
D)  Happiness consists in taking pleasure in virtuous activity, which is activity of the soul in accord with reason. 
A)  Happiness means different things to different people, with some people finding happiness in pleasure, some in politics, some in moneymaking, and some in study. 
B)  Happiness is complete, self-sufficient pleasure. 
C)  Happiness involves having enough external goods, such as wealth and honor, to pursue whichever form of life seems best to each person. 
D)  Happiness consists in taking pleasure in virtuous activity, which is activity of the soul in accord with reason.

Question 2

According to Wolf, which of the following would be considered a case of voluntary euthanasia?

Accepted Answer

A)  The removal of a nutrition tube from a patient who is unable to feed him- or herself. 
B)  The administration of a lethal injection to a terminally ill patient at the patient's request. 
C)  A patient's voluntarily taking a lethal dose of prescribed medicine in accordance with a doctor's instructions. 
D)  The administration of a lethal injection to a terminally ill patient who is unable to consent. 
A)  The removal of a nutrition tube from a patient who is unable to feed him- or herself. 
B)  The administration of a lethal injection to a terminally ill patient at the patient's request. 
C)  A patient's voluntarily taking a lethal dose of prescribed medicine in accordance with a doctor's instructions. 
D)  The administration of a lethal injection to a terminally ill patient who is unable to consent.

Question 3

The Akan saying Onipa na ohia means both that humans have value and that humans are needed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

John Broome argues that because your greenhouse gas emissions are such a small fraction of the world's emissions, they don't do any serious harm on their own.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following best captures the central reasons that Shue believes interrogational torture often constitutes an assault on the defenseless in practice?

Accepted Answer

A)  The torture victim is being tortured purely to intimidate others. 
B)  The torture victim is more often than not an innocent noncombatant. 
C)  The torture victim has no means of demonstrating compliance with the torturer. 
D)  The torture victim is unarmed and restrained at the time at which torture occurs. 
A)  The torture victim is being tortured purely to intimidate others. 
B)  The torture victim is more often than not an innocent noncombatant. 
C)  The torture victim has no means of demonstrating compliance with the torturer. 
D)  The torture victim is unarmed and restrained at the time at which torture occurs.

Question 6

McMahan argues that the laws of war ought to be changed to coincide exactly with the ethics of killing in war.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Collins argues that people are at least partly responsible for whether they have caring attitudes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Gay-Williams argues that so-called passive euthanasia is not a genuine form of euthanasia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Why does Singer discuss Bentham's and Sidgwick's notions of equality in this paper?

Accepted Answer

A)  Singer considers their notions as providing objections to his claim. 
B)  Singer considers their notions as helpful in understanding what the principle of equality means. 
C)  Singer argues against their notions of equality because racism and sexism were rampant in the historical periods in which they lived. 
D)  Singer considers them examples of healthy vegetarians. 
A)  Singer considers their notions as providing objections to his claim. 
B)  Singer considers their notions as helpful in understanding what the principle of equality means. 
C)  Singer argues against their notions of equality because racism and sexism were rampant in the historical periods in which they lived. 
D)  Singer considers them examples of healthy vegetarians.

Question 10

A key premise of McMahan's argument against the legalization of torture is that legal permission to torture in any circumstances is likely to be exploited and abused.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

According to Dershowitz, it is far worse on a purely rational basis to shoot a fleeing felon than it is to employ nonlethal torture methods against a terrorism suspect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A key premise of Rachels's argument against the traditional distinction between active and passive euthanasia is that a patient's death must always be considered a greater evil than the patient's continued existence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

How does Strawser respond to the objection that using drones will lead to more noncombatant deaths?

Accepted Answer

A)  By arguing that noncombatant deaths in drone strikes are collateral casualties rather than intended effects and that the obligation to protect one's own warfighters overrides the obligation to protect enemy civilians. 
B)  By arguing that drones make it easier to distinguish combatants from noncombatants and that evidence suggests that the ratio of noncombatants killed to combatants killed is lower for drones than for other means of combat. 
C)  By arguing that although drone strikes currently kill more noncombatants than some other forms of combat, continued use of drones will lead to improvements in drone technology that reduce the number of noncombatants killed. 
D)  By arguing that because his central claim, OP, is only about justified military operations and operations that kill civilians are not justified, his claim does not apply to drone strikes that kill civilians. 
A)  By arguing that noncombatant deaths in drone strikes are collateral casualties rather than intended effects and that the obligation to protect one's own warfighters overrides the obligation to protect enemy civilians. 
B)  By arguing that drones make it easier to distinguish combatants from noncombatants and that evidence suggests that the ratio of noncombatants killed to combatants killed is lower for drones than for other means of combat. 
C)  By arguing that although drone strikes currently kill more noncombatants than some other forms of combat, continued use of drones will lead to improvements in drone technology that reduce the number of noncombatants killed. 
D)  By arguing that because his central claim, OP, is only about justified military operations and operations that kill civilians are not justified, his claim does not apply to drone strikes that kill civilians.

Question 14

Broome agrees with Greenpeace that offsetting your greenhouse gas emissions is morally inappropriate because it shifts responsibility for cutting emissions to poorer countries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Rachels argues that it is incorrect to claim that a doctor who allows his patient to die truly "does nothing" to cause the death of his patient. Describe in your own words another case in which an agent who refrains from a certain type action would not correctly be described as having "done nothing." Explain why it would be wrong to ascribe inaction rather than action to the agent in this case.

Accepted Answer

One example of a case where an agent who

Question 16

Which of the following best captures the difference between caring actions and caring attitudes, according to Collins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Caring actions are morally important, whereas caring attitudes are not. 
B)  Caring actions are those that succeed in doing good for something, whereas caring attitudes are the motivations for acts that tried to do good for something but failed. 
C)  Caring actions involve trying to do something good for a thing that has interests, whereas caring attitudes simply involve caring about what happens. 
D)  Caring actions can only be directed at persons, whereas caring attitudes can be directed at almost anything. 
A)  Caring actions are morally important, whereas caring attitudes are not. 
B)  Caring actions are those that succeed in doing good for something, whereas caring attitudes are the motivations for acts that tried to do good for something but failed. 
C)  Caring actions involve trying to do something good for a thing that has interests, whereas caring attitudes simply involve caring about what happens. 
D)  Caring actions can only be directed at persons, whereas caring attitudes can be directed at almost anything.

Question 17

Norcross argues that one's inability to be a moral agent is irrelevant to whether one can be a moral patient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Singer's main conclusion in this paper is:

Accepted Answer

A)  We have an obligation to prevent bad things from happening by sacrificing other things of comparable moral significance. 
B)  We have an obligation to prevent bad things from happening if it is in our power to do so and it does not require us to sacrifice anything of comparable moral importance. 
C)  We have an obligation to sacrifice our own interests to prevent bad things from happening to others. 
D)  We have an obligation to help those closest to us rather than those far away because the needs of people near us psychologically impact us more. 
A)  We have an obligation to prevent bad things from happening by sacrificing other things of comparable moral significance. 
B)  We have an obligation to prevent bad things from happening if it is in our power to do so and it does not require us to sacrifice anything of comparable moral importance. 
C)  We have an obligation to sacrifice our own interests to prevent bad things from happening to others. 
D)  We have an obligation to help those closest to us rather than those far away because the needs of people near us psychologically impact us more.

Question 19

Why does Steinbock discuss Singer's argument in this paper?

Accepted Answer

A)  Steinbock uses Singer's argument to explain why animal cruelty is wrong. 
B)  Steinbock uses Singer's argument to explain why medical research using animals is wrong. 
C)  Steinbock argues that Singer is incorrect when he concludes that it is morally wrong to privilege humans' interests over those of nonhumans. 
D)  Steinbock argues that Singer is wrong when he claims that nonhuman animals have the capacity for suffering and enjoyment. 
A)  Steinbock uses Singer's argument to explain why animal cruelty is wrong. 
B)  Steinbock uses Singer's argument to explain why medical research using animals is wrong. 
C)  Steinbock argues that Singer is incorrect when he concludes that it is morally wrong to privilege humans' interests over those of nonhumans. 
D)  Steinbock argues that Singer is wrong when he claims that nonhuman animals have the capacity for suffering and enjoyment.

Question 20

Krakoff highlights two kinds of impacts from climate change. What are they?

Accepted Answer

A)  Climate change is melting the polar ice caps, and it is intensifying both storms and droughts around the world. 
B)  Climate change is altering the patterns of rainfall to which human civilization is adapted, and it is thinning the ozone layer. 
C)  Climate change is putting various species at risk of extinction, and it is harming and will continue to harm many of the world's most vulnerable people. 
D)  Climate change is threatening a few species, such as the polar bear and pika, and it is causing people who live in certain remote parts of the world to relocate to other places. 
A)  Climate change is melting the polar ice caps, and it is intensifying both storms and droughts around the world. 
B)  Climate change is altering the patterns of rainfall to which human civilization is adapted, and it is thinning the ozone layer. 
C)  Climate change is putting various species at risk of extinction, and it is harming and will continue to harm many of the world's most vulnerable people. 
D)  Climate change is threatening a few species, such as the polar bear and pika, and it is causing people who live in certain remote parts of the world to relocate to other places.

Which of the following best captures Aristotle's idea of happiness?

According to Wolf, which of the following would be considered a case of voluntary euthanasia?

The Akan saying Onipa na ohia means both that humans have value and that humans are needed.

John Broome argues that because your greenhouse gas emissions are such a small fraction of the world's emissions, they don't do any serious harm on their own.

Which of the following best captures the central reasons that Shue believes interrogational torture often constitutes an assault on the defenseless in practice?

McMahan argues that the laws of war ought to be changed to coincide exactly with the ethics of killing in war.

Collins argues that people are at least partly responsible for whether they have caring attitudes.

Gay-Williams argues that so-called passive euthanasia is not a genuine form of euthanasia.

Why does Singer discuss Bentham's and Sidgwick's notions of equality in this paper?

A key premise of McMahan's argument against the legalization of torture is that legal permission to torture in any circumstances is likely to be exploited and abused.

According to Dershowitz, it is far worse on a purely rational basis to shoot a fleeing felon than it is to employ nonlethal torture methods against a terrorism suspect.

A key premise of Rachels's argument against the traditional distinction between active and passive euthanasia is that a patient's death must always be considered a greater evil than the patient's continued existence.

How does Strawser respond to the objection that using drones will lead to more noncombatant deaths?

Broome agrees with Greenpeace that offsetting your greenhouse gas emissions is morally inappropriate because it shifts responsibility for cutting emissions to poorer countries.

Which of the following best captures the difference between caring actions and caring attitudes, according to Collins?

Norcross argues that one's inability to be a moral agent is irrelevant to whether one can be a moral patient.

Singer's main conclusion in this paper is:

Why does Steinbock discuss Singer's argument in this paper?

Krakoff highlights two kinds of impacts from climate change. What are they?

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Filters

Exam 13: Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

Which of the following best captures Aristotle's idea of happiness?

According to Wolf, which of the following would be considered a case of voluntary euthanasia?

The Akan saying Onipa na ohia means both that humans have value and that humans are needed.

John Broome argues that because your greenhouse gas emissions are such a small fraction of the world's emissions, they don't do any serious harm on their own.

Which of the following best captures the central reasons that Shue believes interrogational torture often constitutes an assault on the defenseless in practice?

McMahan argues that the laws of war ought to be changed to coincide exactly with the ethics of killing in war.

Collins argues that people are at least partly responsible for whether they have caring attitudes.

Gay-Williams argues that so-called passive euthanasia is not a genuine form of euthanasia.

Why does Singer discuss Bentham's and Sidgwick's notions of equality in this paper?

A key premise of McMahan's argument against the legalization of torture is that legal permission to torture in any circumstances is likely to be exploited and abused.

According to Dershowitz, it is far worse on a purely rational basis to shoot a fleeing felon than it is to employ nonlethal torture methods against a terrorism suspect.

A key premise of Rachels's argument against the traditional distinction between active and passive euthanasia is that a patient's death must always be considered a greater evil than the patient's continued existence.

How does Strawser respond to the objection that using drones will lead to more noncombatant deaths?

Broome agrees with Greenpeace that offsetting your greenhouse gas emissions is morally inappropriate because it shifts responsibility for cutting emissions to poorer countries.

Which of the following best captures the difference between caring actions and caring attitudes, according to Collins?

Norcross argues that one's inability to be a moral agent is irrelevant to whether one can be a moral patient.

Singer's main conclusion in this paper is:

Why does Steinbock discuss Singer's argument in this paper?

Krakoff highlights two kinds of impacts from climate change. What are they?

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Filters