Question 1

Liu argues that preferences are not subject to moral appraisal because they are involuntary and outside of one's control.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Many of Warren's arguments depend on whether she has the correct criteria for personhood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Marquis thinks that it would be wrong to kill nonhuman creatures who were in possession of futures like ours.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Why does McMahan discuss the traditional theory of jus in bello, based on the right to self-defense?

Accepted Answer

A)  To prove that the right to self-defense is the real basis of both jus in bello and jus ad bellum. 
B)  To defend that theory against various objections that have recently been made against it. 
C)  To explain why many people have accepted the principles of just war theory that he intends to challenge. 
D)  To show that traditional just war theory is no longer applicable in an age of urban guerilla warfare. 
A)  To prove that the right to self-defense is the real basis of both jus in bello and jus ad bellum. 
B)  To defend that theory against various objections that have recently been made against it. 
C)  To explain why many people have accepted the principles of just war theory that he intends to challenge. 
D)  To show that traditional just war theory is no longer applicable in an age of urban guerilla warfare.

Question 5

Thomas contends that knowledge is color blind.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What would make a nonhuman creature have a future of value, a future like ours, so that it would be wrong, according to Marquis, to kill that creature?

Accepted Answer

According to Marquis, a nonhuman creatur

Question 7

Briefly describe the four examples that Kant uses to illustrate the different versions of the categorical imperative. Pick one formulation of the categorical imperative and explain how it applies in each of those four examples.

Accepted Answer

Kant uses four examples to illustrate th

Question 8

What, according to Dershowitz, is the primary source of the public's irrational revulsion to nonlethal torture?

Accepted Answer

A)  We wrongly consider pain a much greater evil than death, which entails the absence of pain. 
B)  We wrongly associate nonlethal torture with vivid cases in which torture has been used a prelude to death. 
C)  We wrongly believe nonlethal torture of the innocent to violate "an eye for an eye" principles of justice. 
D)  We wrongly believe torture to be ineffective and, thus, an unnecessary infliction of pain. 
A)  We wrongly consider pain a much greater evil than death, which entails the absence of pain. 
B)  We wrongly associate nonlethal torture with vivid cases in which torture has been used a prelude to death. 
C)  We wrongly believe nonlethal torture of the innocent to violate "an eye for an eye" principles of justice. 
D)  We wrongly believe torture to be ineffective and, thus, an unnecessary infliction of pain.

Question 9

Mill argues that utilitarianism sometimes conflicts with the requirements of justice.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Assume that Rachels is correct in claiming that death is not always a greater evil for a patient than his or her continued existence. Which of the following could you infer from this claim?

Accepted Answer

A)  Passive euthanasia may sometimes be preferable to active euthanasia. 
B)  In some cases, passive euthanasia should not be considered an instance of genuine "mercy killing." 
C)  Active euthanasia may sometimes be preferable to passive euthanasia. 
D)  In some cases, active euthanasia should not be considered an instance of genuine "mercy killing." 
A)  Passive euthanasia may sometimes be preferable to active euthanasia. 
B)  In some cases, passive euthanasia should not be considered an instance of genuine "mercy killing." 
C)  Active euthanasia may sometimes be preferable to passive euthanasia. 
D)  In some cases, active euthanasia should not be considered an instance of genuine "mercy killing."

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the three tenets of just war theory that McMahan challenges in "The Ethics of Killing in War"?

Accepted Answer

A)  The principles of jus in bello and jus ad bellum are independent of one another. 
B)  The principles of jus in bello apply both to soldiers and to military commanders. 
C)  Unjust combatants do no wrong in fighting as long as they abide by the rules of jus in bello. 
D)  Combatants are permissible targets of attack, whereas noncombatants are not. 
A)  The principles of jus in bello and jus ad bellum are independent of one another. 
B)  The principles of jus in bello apply both to soldiers and to military commanders. 
C)  Unjust combatants do no wrong in fighting as long as they abide by the rules of jus in bello. 
D)  Combatants are permissible targets of attack, whereas noncombatants are not.

Question 12

Sinnott-Armstrong argues that governments have an obligation to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions because individuals have no obligation to do so.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

According to Thomson, under which conditions would an abortion violate the fetus's right to life? Is she right? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Thomson argues that an abortion would vi

Question 14

Which of the following best captures Estes's argument that reciprocal concern requires that sexual partners demonstrate regard for the other's interests and needs beyond simply his or her sexual well-being?

Accepted Answer

A)  Since every human has dignity and deserves respect, people must promote the well-being, interests, and needs of their sexual partners beyond simply their sexual well-being. 
B)  Since we cannot separate our sexuality from our personality, humanity, and well-being more generally, sexual partners must show regard for each other's well-being overall to engage in mutually respectful sex. 
C)  Love involves not simply desiring sex with one's partner, but also caring about the well-being, interests, and needs of one's partner. 
D)  Since we can separate our sexuality from our personality, humanity, and well-being more generally, sexual partners need not show regard for each other's well-being overall to engage in mutually respectful sex. 
A)  Since every human has dignity and deserves respect, people must promote the well-being, interests, and needs of their sexual partners beyond simply their sexual well-being. 
B)  Since we cannot separate our sexuality from our personality, humanity, and well-being more generally, sexual partners must show regard for each other's well-being overall to engage in mutually respectful sex. 
C)  Love involves not simply desiring sex with one's partner, but also caring about the well-being, interests, and needs of one's partner. 
D)  Since we can separate our sexuality from our personality, humanity, and well-being more generally, sexual partners need not show regard for each other's well-being overall to engage in mutually respectful sex.

Question 15

According to Woollard, how does Unger argue that our intuitions do not treat proximity as morally relevant when it comes to Pond and Envelope cases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unger argues that in both Pond and Envelope cases, our intuitions say that you are always required to help a child in need regardless of whether the child is close by. 
B)  Unger shows that there are Pond cases where our intuitions say you are required to help although the victim is far away, and there are Envelope cases where our intuition say you are not required to help although the victim is close by. 
C)  Unger argues that in both Pond and Envelope cases, our intuitions say that you are not obligated to aid a child in need if he or she is far away but you are obligated to aid the child if he or she is close by. 
D)  Unger argues that although our intuitions differ as to whether proximity is morally relevant, more than seventy percent of people report thinking that the proximity of a victim is irrelevant to our obligation to aid that victim. 
A)  Unger argues that in both Pond and Envelope cases, our intuitions say that you are always required to help a child in need regardless of whether the child is close by. 
B)  Unger shows that there are Pond cases where our intuitions say you are required to help although the victim is far away, and there are Envelope cases where our intuition say you are not required to help although the victim is close by. 
C)  Unger argues that in both Pond and Envelope cases, our intuitions say that you are not obligated to aid a child in need if he or she is far away but you are obligated to aid the child if he or she is close by. 
D)  Unger argues that although our intuitions differ as to whether proximity is morally relevant, more than seventy percent of people report thinking that the proximity of a victim is irrelevant to our obligation to aid that victim.

Question 16

Which of the following best captures Sinnott-Armstrong's main argument for the main conclusion of "It's Not My Fault"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals are not obligated to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions because although individuals are causally responsible for climate change, they are not morally responsible for it. 
B)  Individuals are not obligated to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions because there is no plausible moral principle that shows that they have such an obligation. 
C)  Individuals are obligated to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, although climate change isn't their fault, because governments have an obligation to limit their citizens' emissions. 
D)  Individuals are obligated to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, although climate change isn't their fault, because continuing to emit greenhouse gases expresses one or more vices. 
A)  Individuals are not obligated to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions because although individuals are causally responsible for climate change, they are not morally responsible for it. 
B)  Individuals are not obligated to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions because there is no plausible moral principle that shows that they have such an obligation. 
C)  Individuals are obligated to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, although climate change isn't their fault, because governments have an obligation to limit their citizens' emissions. 
D)  Individuals are obligated to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, although climate change isn't their fault, because continuing to emit greenhouse gases expresses one or more vices.

Question 17

Garcia's main conclusion in this paper is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Racism is a form of action that advantages or disadvantages individuals simply because they belong to a certain racial group. 
B)  Racism is a vicious sort of racially based disregard for certain people's welfare. 
C)  Racism is the dogma that one ethnic group is inferior by nature and another group is superior by nature. 
D)  Racism consists of structures and institutions with the power to discriminate. 
A)  Racism is a form of action that advantages or disadvantages individuals simply because they belong to a certain racial group. 
B)  Racism is a vicious sort of racially based disregard for certain people's welfare. 
C)  Racism is the dogma that one ethnic group is inferior by nature and another group is superior by nature. 
D)  Racism consists of structures and institutions with the power to discriminate.

Question 18

An important premise in Gay-Williams's argument that so-called passive euthanasia is not legitimately euthanasia is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  In "passive euthanasia," the patient consents to the death-causing procedure. 
B)  In "passive euthanasia," the patient, not the doctor, is the cause of death. 
C)  In "passive euthanasia," the patient may experience lingering suffering prior to death. 
D)  In "passive euthanasia," the patient's disease or injuries are the cause of death. 
A)  In "passive euthanasia," the patient consents to the death-causing procedure. 
B)  In "passive euthanasia," the patient, not the doctor, is the cause of death. 
C)  In "passive euthanasia," the patient may experience lingering suffering prior to death. 
D)  In "passive euthanasia," the patient's disease or injuries are the cause of death.

Question 19

Norcross argues that it is morally wrong to purchase and consume factory-raised meat because it is morally indistinguishable from puppy-torturing Fred's behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Of the following definitions, which most accurately defines the idea of appreciation respect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Appreciation respect is the recognition of someone's fundamental equal moral status, which imposes restrictions on how he or she can be treated. 
B)  Appreciation respect is respect stemming from appreciation for excellent qualities that are nonmoral and based in one's character, such as beauty, intelligence, or athletic talent. 
C)  Appreciation respect is an attitude of positive appraisal of someone for his or her excellence as a moral person or as engaged in a particular pursuit, such as playing a sport. 
D)  Appreciation respect is respect owed to kind people who appreciate the moral worth and individual qualities of others. 
A)  Appreciation respect is the recognition of someone's fundamental equal moral status, which imposes restrictions on how he or she can be treated. 
B)  Appreciation respect is respect stemming from appreciation for excellent qualities that are nonmoral and based in one's character, such as beauty, intelligence, or athletic talent. 
C)  Appreciation respect is an attitude of positive appraisal of someone for his or her excellence as a moral person or as engaged in a particular pursuit, such as playing a sport. 
D)  Appreciation respect is respect owed to kind people who appreciate the moral worth and individual qualities of others.

Liu argues that preferences are not subject to moral appraisal because they are involuntary and outside of one's control.

Many of Warren's arguments depend on whether she has the correct criteria for personhood.

Marquis thinks that it would be wrong to kill nonhuman creatures who were in possession of futures like ours.

Why does McMahan discuss the traditional theory of jus in bello, based on the right to self-defense?

Thomas contends that knowledge is color blind.

What would make a nonhuman creature have a future of value, a future like ours, so that it would be wrong, according to Marquis, to kill that creature?

Briefly describe the four examples that Kant uses to illustrate the different versions of the categorical imperative. Pick one formulation of the categorical imperative and explain how it applies in each of those four examples.

What, according to Dershowitz, is the primary source of the public's irrational revulsion to nonlethal torture?

Mill argues that utilitarianism sometimes conflicts with the requirements of justice.

Assume that Rachels is correct in claiming that death is not always a greater evil for a patient than his or her continued existence. Which of the following could you infer from this claim?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three tenets of just war theory that McMahan challenges in "The Ethics of Killing in War"?

Sinnott-Armstrong argues that governments have an obligation to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions because individuals have no obligation to do so.

According to Thomson, under which conditions would an abortion violate the fetus's right to life? Is she right? Why or why not?

Which of the following best captures Estes's argument that reciprocal concern requires that sexual partners demonstrate regard for the other's interests and needs beyond simply his or her sexual well-being?

According to Woollard, how does Unger argue that our intuitions do not treat proximity as morally relevant when it comes to Pond and Envelope cases?

Which of the following best captures Sinnott-Armstrong's main argument for the main conclusion of "It's Not My Fault"?

Garcia's main conclusion in this paper is:

An important premise in Gay-Williams's argument that so-called passive euthanasia is not legitimately euthanasia is that:

Norcross argues that it is morally wrong to purchase and consume factory-raised meat because it is morally indistinguishable from puppy-torturing Fred's behavior.

Of the following definitions, which most accurately defines the idea of appreciation respect?

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Filters

Exam 13: Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

Liu argues that preferences are not subject to moral appraisal because they are involuntary and outside of one's control.

Many of Warren's arguments depend on whether she has the correct criteria for personhood.

Marquis thinks that it would be wrong to kill nonhuman creatures who were in possession of futures like ours.

Why does McMahan discuss the traditional theory of jus in bello, based on the right to self-defense?

Thomas contends that knowledge is color blind.

What would make a nonhuman creature have a future of value, a future like ours, so that it would be wrong, according to Marquis, to kill that creature?

Briefly describe the four examples that Kant uses to illustrate the different versions of the categorical imperative. Pick one formulation of the categorical imperative and explain how it applies in each of those four examples.

What, according to Dershowitz, is the primary source of the public's irrational revulsion to nonlethal torture?

Mill argues that utilitarianism sometimes conflicts with the requirements of justice.

Assume that Rachels is correct in claiming that death is not always a greater evil for a patient than his or her continued existence. Which of the following could you infer from this claim?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three tenets of just war theory that McMahan challenges in "The Ethics of Killing in War"?

Sinnott-Armstrong argues that governments have an obligation to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions because individuals have no obligation to do so.

According to Thomson, under which conditions would an abortion violate the fetus's right to life? Is she right? Why or why not?

Which of the following best captures Estes's argument that reciprocal concern requires that sexual partners demonstrate regard for the other's interests and needs beyond simply his or her sexual well-being?

According to Woollard, how does Unger argue that our intuitions do not treat proximity as morally relevant when it comes to Pond and Envelope cases?

Which of the following best captures Sinnott-Armstrong's main argument for the main conclusion of "It's Not My Fault"?

Garcia's main conclusion in this paper is:

An important premise in Gay-Williams's argument that so-called passive euthanasia is not legitimately euthanasia is that:

Norcross argues that it is morally wrong to purchase and consume factory-raised meat because it is morally indistinguishable from puppy-torturing Fred's behavior.

Of the following definitions, which most accurately defines the idea of appreciation respect?

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Filters