Question 1

Many of Sinnott-Armstrong's arguments depend on the premise that global warming is not likely to cause significant harm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Explain how offsetting your greenhouse gas emissions prevents your emissions from harming anyone.

Accepted Answer

Offsetting your greenhouse gas emissions

Question 3

According to Broome, the greenhouse gas emissions caused by the average person in a rich country will amount to roughly $19,000 to $65,000 over the course of the person's life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

McMahan argues that the principles governing conduct in war are independent of the principles governing the resort to war.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is true of both the Good Samaritan and the Minimally Decent Samaritan?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both sacrifice their own good for the good of others. 
B)  Both go beyond what they are morally required to do. 
C)  Both treat others unjustly. 
D)  Neither treats anyone unjustly. 
A)  Both sacrifice their own good for the good of others. 
B)  Both go beyond what they are morally required to do. 
C)  Both treat others unjustly. 
D)  Neither treats anyone unjustly.

Question 6

According to Rachels, we generally judge that most cases of killing outside of medical contexts are no worse, morally speaking, than most cases in which someone is allowed to die

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Why does Nell discuss lifeboat situations in her paper?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nell argues that the situation of Earth is not similar to lifeboat situations. 
B)  Nell discusses lifeboat situations to show that sometimes we have a duty to kill others to save more people, including ourselves. 
C)  Nell uses lifeboat situations to argue that ships have duties to carry sufficient lifeboats to avoid underequipped lifeboat scenarios. 
D)  Nell discusses lifeboat situations to show that there are cases where the right not to be killed unjustifiably is violated although the death is the result of the action and is not an immediate, certain, and intended consequence. 
A)  Nell argues that the situation of Earth is not similar to lifeboat situations. 
B)  Nell discusses lifeboat situations to show that sometimes we have a duty to kill others to save more people, including ourselves. 
C)  Nell uses lifeboat situations to argue that ships have duties to carry sufficient lifeboats to avoid underequipped lifeboat scenarios. 
D)  Nell discusses lifeboat situations to show that there are cases where the right not to be killed unjustifiably is violated although the death is the result of the action and is not an immediate, certain, and intended consequence.

Question 8

Which of the following would count as an objection to Liu's argument that racial looksism is morally wrong because it denies people fair consideration for appreciation respect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Racial looksism is just as morally wrong as simple looksism because both deny people fair consideration for appreciation respect in being overgeneralizations that equate people's moral worth with their looks. 
B)  Appreciation respect is not a different kind of respect from appraisal respect because it consists in a positive attitude directed toward someone for his or her moral or nonmoral qualities. 
C)  Racial looksism is not morally wrong because it is an overgeneralization that disregards people's individuality and denies them the appreciation they are entitled to. 
D)  People are under no obligation to fairly accord others appreciation respect since appreciation respect is a purely subjective matter that may be based on idiosyncratic criteria and thus is not morally constraining. 
A)  Racial looksism is just as morally wrong as simple looksism because both deny people fair consideration for appreciation respect in being overgeneralizations that equate people's moral worth with their looks. 
B)  Appreciation respect is not a different kind of respect from appraisal respect because it consists in a positive attitude directed toward someone for his or her moral or nonmoral qualities. 
C)  Racial looksism is not morally wrong because it is an overgeneralization that disregards people's individuality and denies them the appreciation they are entitled to. 
D)  People are under no obligation to fairly accord others appreciation respect since appreciation respect is a purely subjective matter that may be based on idiosyncratic criteria and thus is not morally constraining.

Question 9

Woollard states that the responsibility to prevent deaths resulting from poverty may be more properly seen as reparations than as aid because affluent countries might be responsible for those deaths as a result of their imperialist actions or contributions to climate change.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

How might one object to McMahan's argument against "lesser evil" justifications for actions? Be sure to state your objection as a complete argument.

Accepted Answer

One might object to McMahan's argument a

Question 11

According to Mill, most people need only focus on promoting the happiness of those around them, rather than that of humanity as a whole.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Thomas agrees with Kant that willing an end requires one to will the means to that end, and so if one cares about equality, one should be committed to bringing it about.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following, according to Nathanson, is the most serious defect with both equality and proportional retributivism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neither is sufficiently general in scope to cover all potential crimes. 
B)  Neither one bases punishment on what a person morally deserves. 
C)  Both are incapable of forbidding barbaric punishments for barbaric crimes. 
D)  Both hold that persons, rather than actions, are the proper subject of moral evaluation. 
A)  Neither is sufficiently general in scope to cover all potential crimes. 
B)  Neither one bases punishment on what a person morally deserves. 
C)  Both are incapable of forbidding barbaric punishments for barbaric crimes. 
D)  Both hold that persons, rather than actions, are the proper subject of moral evaluation.

Question 14

Why does McMahan think that it might have been permissible to attack the executives of the United Fruit Company in Guatemala in 1954?

Accepted Answer

Jeff McMahan is a philosopher who has wr

Question 15

Krakoff's main conclusion in "Parenting the Planet" is that it would be helpful if we applied the virtues needed for good parenting to our relationship to the natural world.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What, according to Shue, is the "built-in end point" of interrogational torture?

Accepted Answer

A)  The point at which all of the desired information has been obtained from the victim. 
B)  The point at which the victim is too physically or mentally exhausted to continue interrogation. 
C)  The point at which any further torture is likely to result in the death of the victim. 
D)  The point at which further interrogation would constitute an attack on the defenseless. 
A)  The point at which all of the desired information has been obtained from the victim. 
B)  The point at which the victim is too physically or mentally exhausted to continue interrogation. 
C)  The point at which any further torture is likely to result in the death of the victim. 
D)  The point at which further interrogation would constitute an attack on the defenseless.

Question 17

What is the distinction between the strong and moderate versions of Singer's principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  The strong version requires one to give to famine relief until one is reduced to absolute poverty and can no longer meet one's basic needs. The moderate version requires one to give ten percent of one's annual income to famine relief. 
B)  The strong version states that one should work to strengthen the economy of one's country so that there will be extra resources that can be contributed to famine relief in other countries. The moderate version states that one should start contributing aid to other countries even before greater domestic economic growth occurs. 
C)  The strong version states that those most capable of giving to famine relief are strongest and so most obligated to give. The moderate version states that the middle class are the ones who should be giving the most because they constitute the largest section of the population. 
D)  The strong version requires one to give to famine relief until one is reduced to the level of marginal utility where giving more would cause as much suffering to oneself as would be relieved by giving. The moderate version requires one to simply give as much as possible without sacrificing something morally significant. 
A)  The strong version requires one to give to famine relief until one is reduced to absolute poverty and can no longer meet one's basic needs. The moderate version requires one to give ten percent of one's annual income to famine relief. 
B)  The strong version states that one should work to strengthen the economy of one's country so that there will be extra resources that can be contributed to famine relief in other countries. The moderate version states that one should start contributing aid to other countries even before greater domestic economic growth occurs. 
C)  The strong version states that those most capable of giving to famine relief are strongest and so most obligated to give. The moderate version states that the middle class are the ones who should be giving the most because they constitute the largest section of the population. 
D)  The strong version requires one to give to famine relief until one is reduced to the level of marginal utility where giving more would cause as much suffering to oneself as would be relieved by giving. The moderate version requires one to simply give as much as possible without sacrificing something morally significant.

Question 18

Broome argues that you are morally obligated to eliminate your carbon footprint because your greenhouse gas emissions unjustly harm others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Sinnott-Armstrong identifies several moral principles that would entail that individuals have an obligation to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions if they were plausible. State one of those principles in your own words and explain why Sinnott-Armstrong thinks that principle is not plausible.

Accepted Answer

One of the moral principles identified b

Question 20

According to Liu, appreciation respect, like appraisal respect, consists in an attitude of positive appraisal, which is owed to everyone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Many of Sinnott-Armstrong's arguments depend on the premise that global warming is not likely to cause significant harm.

Explain how offsetting your greenhouse gas emissions prevents your emissions from harming anyone.

According to Broome, the greenhouse gas emissions caused by the average person in a rich country will amount to roughly $19,000 to $65,000 over the course of the person's life.

McMahan argues that the principles governing conduct in war are independent of the principles governing the resort to war.

Which of the following is true of both the Good Samaritan and the Minimally Decent Samaritan?

According to Rachels, we generally judge that most cases of killing outside of medical contexts are no worse, morally speaking, than most cases in which someone is allowed to die

Why does Nell discuss lifeboat situations in her paper?

Which of the following would count as an objection to Liu's argument that racial looksism is morally wrong because it denies people fair consideration for appreciation respect?

Woollard states that the responsibility to prevent deaths resulting from poverty may be more properly seen as reparations than as aid because affluent countries might be responsible for those deaths as a result of their imperialist actions or contributions to climate change.

How might one object to McMahan's argument against "lesser evil" justifications for actions? Be sure to state your objection as a complete argument.

According to Mill, most people need only focus on promoting the happiness of those around them, rather than that of humanity as a whole.

Thomas agrees with Kant that willing an end requires one to will the means to that end, and so if one cares about equality, one should be committed to bringing it about.

Which of the following, according to Nathanson, is the most serious defect with both equality and proportional retributivism?

Why does McMahan think that it might have been permissible to attack the executives of the United Fruit Company in Guatemala in 1954?

Krakoff's main conclusion in "Parenting the Planet" is that it would be helpful if we applied the virtues needed for good parenting to our relationship to the natural world.

What, according to Shue, is the "built-in end point" of interrogational torture?

What is the distinction between the strong and moderate versions of Singer's principle?

Broome argues that you are morally obligated to eliminate your carbon footprint because your greenhouse gas emissions unjustly harm others.

Sinnott-Armstrong identifies several moral principles that would entail that individuals have an obligation to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions if they were plausible. State one of those principles in your own words and explain why Sinnott-Armstrong thinks that principle is not plausible.

According to Liu, appreciation respect, like appraisal respect, consists in an attitude of positive appraisal, which is owed to everyone.

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

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Exam 13: Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

Many of Sinnott-Armstrong's arguments depend on the premise that global warming is not likely to cause significant harm.

Explain how offsetting your greenhouse gas emissions prevents your emissions from harming anyone.

According to Broome, the greenhouse gas emissions caused by the average person in a rich country will amount to roughly $19,000 to $65,000 over the course of the person's life.

McMahan argues that the principles governing conduct in war are independent of the principles governing the resort to war.

Which of the following is true of both the Good Samaritan and the Minimally Decent Samaritan?

According to Rachels, we generally judge that most cases of killing outside of medical contexts are no worse, morally speaking, than most cases in which someone is allowed to die

Why does Nell discuss lifeboat situations in her paper?

Which of the following would count as an objection to Liu's argument that racial looksism is morally wrong because it denies people fair consideration for appreciation respect?

Woollard states that the responsibility to prevent deaths resulting from poverty may be more properly seen as reparations than as aid because affluent countries might be responsible for those deaths as a result of their imperialist actions or contributions to climate change.

How might one object to McMahan's argument against "lesser evil" justifications for actions? Be sure to state your objection as a complete argument.

According to Mill, most people need only focus on promoting the happiness of those around them, rather than that of humanity as a whole.

Thomas agrees with Kant that willing an end requires one to will the means to that end, and so if one cares about equality, one should be committed to bringing it about.

Which of the following, according to Nathanson, is the most serious defect with both equality and proportional retributivism?

Why does McMahan think that it might have been permissible to attack the executives of the United Fruit Company in Guatemala in 1954?

Krakoff's main conclusion in "Parenting the Planet" is that it would be helpful if we applied the virtues needed for good parenting to our relationship to the natural world.

What, according to Shue, is the "built-in end point" of interrogational torture?

What is the distinction between the strong and moderate versions of Singer's principle?

Broome argues that you are morally obligated to eliminate your carbon footprint because your greenhouse gas emissions unjustly harm others.

Sinnott-Armstrong identifies several moral principles that would entail that individuals have an obligation to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions if they were plausible. State one of those principles in your own words and explain why Sinnott-Armstrong thinks that principle is not plausible.

According to Liu, appreciation respect, like appraisal respect, consists in an attitude of positive appraisal, which is owed to everyone.

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Filters