Question 1

According to van den Haag, which of the following is the principal purpose of any punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  To vindicate the law and the social order undermined by the crime. 
B)  To compensate the victim for the suffering caused by the crime. 
C)  To deter others from committing the same act that is being punished. 
D)  To protect the innocent from future crimes by the same offender. 
A)  To vindicate the law and the social order undermined by the crime. 
B)  To compensate the victim for the suffering caused by the crime. 
C)  To deter others from committing the same act that is being punished. 
D)  To protect the innocent from future crimes by the same offender.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT one of the virtues that Aristotle identifies in II.7?

Accepted Answer

A)  Generosity. 
B)  Magnificence. 
C)  Friendliness. 
D)  Humility. 
A)  Generosity. 
B)  Magnificence. 
C)  Friendliness. 
D)  Humility.

Question 3

Which of the following best captures the cost-benefit analysis argument for the permissibility of nonlethal torture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonlethal torture is permissible because the lives of multiple innocent people should be valued more than the bodily integrity of one guilty person. 
B)  Nonlethal torture is permissible because it is generally the most effective means of intelligence gathering regarding future acts of terrorism. 
C)  Nonlethal torture is permissible because it acts as a deterrent to future acts of terrorism. 
D)  Nonlethal torture is permissible because it is an acceptable form of retaliation for past acts of terrorism. 
A)  Nonlethal torture is permissible because the lives of multiple innocent people should be valued more than the bodily integrity of one guilty person. 
B)  Nonlethal torture is permissible because it is generally the most effective means of intelligence gathering regarding future acts of terrorism. 
C)  Nonlethal torture is permissible because it acts as a deterrent to future acts of terrorism. 
D)  Nonlethal torture is permissible because it is an acceptable form of retaliation for past acts of terrorism.

Question 4

Marquis argues that abortion is always and without exception morally wrong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

According to McMahan, the "requirement of proportionality" requires that combatants weigh the good to be achieved by some act of war against the harm being done.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

One of Gay-Williams's arguments against euthanasia is premised in part on the claim that it is unnatural. Identify an action that might be considered unnatural but that, nevertheless, should be considered morally permissible. Explain why the action in question would be permissible, despite its unnaturalness.

Accepted Answer

One action that might be considered unna

Question 7

What is the difference between Kant's Formula of the Universal Law and the idea that you shouldn't do something if you wouldn't like it if everyone did that?

Accepted Answer

Immanuel Kant's Formula of the Universal

Question 8

Which of the following is, for Norcross, an adequate reformulation of the claim that humans have a superior ethical status to animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is morally right to treat human interests as having greater weight than those of animals. 
B)  It is empirically correct to say that we care more about humans than about nonhuman animas. 
C)  It is empirically correct to say that human cognition is more sophisticated than nonhuman animals' cognition. 
D)  It is empirically correct to say that the human genetic code is more complex than the genetic codes of nonhuman animals. 
A)  It is morally right to treat human interests as having greater weight than those of animals. 
B)  It is empirically correct to say that we care more about humans than about nonhuman animas. 
C)  It is empirically correct to say that human cognition is more sophisticated than nonhuman animals' cognition. 
D)  It is empirically correct to say that the human genetic code is more complex than the genetic codes of nonhuman animals.

Question 9

Of the following explanations, which most accurately explains the idea of objectification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Objectification involves treating a person as an object rather than as a subject. 
B)  Objectification threatens the possibility of mutually respectful sexual interaction because it depersonalizes people. 
C)  Objectification is the sexual obsession or fetishizing of some act, prop, or body part as crucial for sexual arousal or satisfaction. 
D)  Objectification involves treating a sexually appealing characteristic as mattering more than the individual who has that characteristic. 
A)  Objectification involves treating a person as an object rather than as a subject. 
B)  Objectification threatens the possibility of mutually respectful sexual interaction because it depersonalizes people. 
C)  Objectification is the sexual obsession or fetishizing of some act, prop, or body part as crucial for sexual arousal or satisfaction. 
D)  Objectification involves treating a sexually appealing characteristic as mattering more than the individual who has that characteristic.

Question 10

What are the "two sovereign masters" that "determine what we shall do," according to Bentham? Do you think Bentham is correct about this? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The "two sovereign masters" that Bentham

Question 11

Wolf argues that so-called terminal sedation is a clear instance of euthanasia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

McMahan argues that there are no cases in which torture would make innocent people more secure from harm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Woollard follows Unger in stating that to complete Singer's argument, we must show that our intuition is wrong that we need not donate to UNICEF when UNICEF sends us a letter asking for money to save children's lives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Krakoff discusses Erikson's theory of human psychological development to suggest that different virtues are appropriate to different stages of human or social development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following are relevant to whether a being has a future like ours?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its having consciousness and the capacity for empathy. 
B)  Its currently valuing its future. 
C)  Its having desires that can be satisfied. 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  Its having consciousness and the capacity for empathy. 
B)  Its currently valuing its future. 
C)  Its having desires that can be satisfied. 
D)  None of the above.

Question 16

Which of the following can we infer from the Woollard's claim that the responsibility of affluent people to prevent poverty deaths may properly be seen as reparations rather than aid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Since proximity is not a morally relevant factor when determining reparative obligations, people from affluent nations may still have duties to make substantial sacrifice to prevent poverty-related deaths even if proximity is not morally relevant to the duty to aid. 
B)  Poorer nations that contribute to climate change to develop their economies to the level of industrialized nations have no duty to prevent pollution-related deaths. 
C)  Since it is difficult to precisely trace the fault of poverty-related deaths to the actions of affluent countries, people in such countries only have duties to prevent such deaths if they have a close connection with victims. 
D)  Affluent countries have responsibilities to equally distribute their wealth to poorer countries so that all countries eventually have the same resources per capita. 
A)  Since proximity is not a morally relevant factor when determining reparative obligations, people from affluent nations may still have duties to make substantial sacrifice to prevent poverty-related deaths even if proximity is not morally relevant to the duty to aid. 
B)  Poorer nations that contribute to climate change to develop their economies to the level of industrialized nations have no duty to prevent pollution-related deaths. 
C)  Since it is difficult to precisely trace the fault of poverty-related deaths to the actions of affluent countries, people in such countries only have duties to prevent such deaths if they have a close connection with victims. 
D)  Affluent countries have responsibilities to equally distribute their wealth to poorer countries so that all countries eventually have the same resources per capita.

Question 17

What role does the doctrine of double effect play in Norcross's paper?

Accepted Answer

A)  It explains the difference between Fred's behavior and the average meat-consuming human's behavior. 
B)  It is a premise supporting the claim that our consumer behavior has an effect on the supply of factory-raised meat. 
C)  Norcross rejects it as a bad principle that should never be used since it is the last refuge of a scoundrel. 
D)  Norcross argues it is irrelevant to the morality of factory-raised meat since the conditions for its use are not met. 
A)  It explains the difference between Fred's behavior and the average meat-consuming human's behavior. 
B)  It is a premise supporting the claim that our consumer behavior has an effect on the supply of factory-raised meat. 
C)  Norcross rejects it as a bad principle that should never be used since it is the last refuge of a scoundrel. 
D)  Norcross argues it is irrelevant to the morality of factory-raised meat since the conditions for its use are not met.

Question 18

Which of the following best captures why Thomas thinks the role-model argument is unsatisfactory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women and minority students do not need role models in universities since the best of them will be able to succeed anyway. 
B)  The role-model argument implies that women and minority faculty members are only good for teaching white students how to not be racist or sexist or are only good as role models to students of their own kind. 
C)  The role-model argument implies that women and minority faculty members are only good for the theater department, where faculty teach students how to play roles in the performing arts. 
D)  The role-model argument implies that women and minority faculty members should start their own networks similar to the "ole boy" clubs made up of primarily women or minorities. 
A)  Women and minority students do not need role models in universities since the best of them will be able to succeed anyway. 
B)  The role-model argument implies that women and minority faculty members are only good for teaching white students how to not be racist or sexist or are only good as role models to students of their own kind. 
C)  The role-model argument implies that women and minority faculty members are only good for the theater department, where faculty teach students how to play roles in the performing arts. 
D)  The role-model argument implies that women and minority faculty members should start their own networks similar to the "ole boy" clubs made up of primarily women or minorities.

Question 19

What is the difference between the Good Samaritan and the Minimally Decent Good Samaritan? And how does this distinction relate to Thomson's argument?

Accepted Answer

The difference between the Good Samarita

Question 20

Why does Dershowitz discuss the present practice of imprisoning witnesses who refuse to testify?

Accepted Answer

A)  To argue that less painful means than torture can be utilized to obtain valuable information from the innocent. 
B)  To argue that we sometimes tolerate inflicting pain on the innocent to obtain valuable information. 
C)  To argue that it is never acceptable to inflict pain on the innocent to obtain valuable information. 
D)  To argue that there is a dangerously slippery slope from this practice to the torture of the innocent to obtain valuable information. 
A)  To argue that less painful means than torture can be utilized to obtain valuable information from the innocent. 
B)  To argue that we sometimes tolerate inflicting pain on the innocent to obtain valuable information. 
C)  To argue that it is never acceptable to inflict pain on the innocent to obtain valuable information. 
D)  To argue that there is a dangerously slippery slope from this practice to the torture of the innocent to obtain valuable information.

According to van den Haag, which of the following is the principal purpose of any punishment?

Which of the following is NOT one of the virtues that Aristotle identifies in II.7?

Which of the following best captures the cost-benefit analysis argument for the permissibility of nonlethal torture?

Marquis argues that abortion is always and without exception morally wrong.

According to McMahan, the "requirement of proportionality" requires that combatants weigh the good to be achieved by some act of war against the harm being done.

What is the difference between Kant's Formula of the Universal Law and the idea that you shouldn't do something if you wouldn't like it if everyone did that?

Which of the following is, for Norcross, an adequate reformulation of the claim that humans have a superior ethical status to animals?

Of the following explanations, which most accurately explains the idea of objectification?

What are the "two sovereign masters" that "determine what we shall do," according to Bentham? Do you think Bentham is correct about this? Why or why not?

Wolf argues that so-called terminal sedation is a clear instance of euthanasia.

McMahan argues that there are no cases in which torture would make innocent people more secure from harm.

Woollard follows Unger in stating that to complete Singer's argument, we must show that our intuition is wrong that we need not donate to UNICEF when UNICEF sends us a letter asking for money to save children's lives.

Krakoff discusses Erikson's theory of human psychological development to suggest that different virtues are appropriate to different stages of human or social development.

Which of the following are relevant to whether a being has a future like ours?

Which of the following can we infer from the Woollard's claim that the responsibility of affluent people to prevent poverty deaths may properly be seen as reparations rather than aid?

What role does the doctrine of double effect play in Norcross's paper?

Which of the following best captures why Thomas thinks the role-model argument is unsatisfactory?

What is the difference between the Good Samaritan and the Minimally Decent Good Samaritan? And how does this distinction relate to Thomson's argument?

Why does Dershowitz discuss the present practice of imprisoning witnesses who refuse to testify?

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Filters

Exam 13: Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

According to van den Haag, which of the following is the principal purpose of any punishment?

Which of the following is NOT one of the virtues that Aristotle identifies in II.7?

Which of the following best captures the cost-benefit analysis argument for the permissibility of nonlethal torture?

Marquis argues that abortion is always and without exception morally wrong.

According to McMahan, the "requirement of proportionality" requires that combatants weigh the good to be achieved by some act of war against the harm being done.

What is the difference between Kant's Formula of the Universal Law and the idea that you shouldn't do something if you wouldn't like it if everyone did that?

Which of the following is, for Norcross, an adequate reformulation of the claim that humans have a superior ethical status to animals?

Of the following explanations, which most accurately explains the idea of objectification?

What are the "two sovereign masters" that "determine what we shall do," according to Bentham? Do you think Bentham is correct about this? Why or why not?

Wolf argues that so-called terminal sedation is a clear instance of euthanasia.

McMahan argues that there are no cases in which torture would make innocent people more secure from harm.

Woollard follows Unger in stating that to complete Singer's argument, we must show that our intuition is wrong that we need not donate to UNICEF when UNICEF sends us a letter asking for money to save children's lives.

Krakoff discusses Erikson's theory of human psychological development to suggest that different virtues are appropriate to different stages of human or social development.

Which of the following are relevant to whether a being has a future like ours?

Which of the following can we infer from the Woollard's claim that the responsibility of affluent people to prevent poverty deaths may properly be seen as reparations rather than aid?

What role does the doctrine of double effect play in Norcross's paper?

Which of the following best captures why Thomas thinks the role-model argument is unsatisfactory?

What is the difference between the Good Samaritan and the Minimally Decent Good Samaritan? And how does this distinction relate to Thomson's argument?

Why does Dershowitz discuss the present practice of imprisoning witnesses who refuse to testify?

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Filters