Question 1

Of the following definitions, which most accurately defines Warren's idea of the moral community?

Accepted Answer

A)  All of the entities or beings with full and equal moral rights. 
B)  All of the persons who are morally good. 
C)  All of the human beings with full and equal moral rights. 
D)  All of the entities or beings with a human genetic code. 
A)  All of the entities or beings with full and equal moral rights. 
B)  All of the persons who are morally good. 
C)  All of the human beings with full and equal moral rights. 
D)  All of the entities or beings with a human genetic code.

Question 2

Strawser argues that concerns about lowering the threshold for going to war rest on questionable calculations about what is likely to happen in the future.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following best captures the basic question that Thomas is trying to answer in this paper?

Accepted Answer

A)  What good do academics serve in society? 
B)  Why do women and minorities matter? 
C)  Why do women and minority faculty matter at universities? 
D)  Is the role-model argument for affirmative action a good argument? 
A)  What good do academics serve in society? 
B)  Why do women and minorities matter? 
C)  Why do women and minority faculty matter at universities? 
D)  Is the role-model argument for affirmative action a good argument?

Question 4

Might there be other criteria-in addition to the capacity to suffer-that would render something a moral patient? What else, in addition to sentience, might be relevant to that status?

Accepted Answer

Yes, there may be other criteria that co

Question 5

Sinnott-Armstrong argues that only consequentialist theories entail an individual obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following best captures Warren's main argument for the claim that abortion is permissible?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fully developed human beings satisfy more of the criteria for personhood than fetuses and therefore have the right to abort fetuses. 
B)  Genetic humanity is neither necessary nor sufficient for personhood. 
C)  Fetuses satisfy none of the criteria for personhood and therefore are not members of the moral community. 
D)  It is morally wrong to control a woman's body since it is her property and therefore the fetus is her property as well. 
A)  Fully developed human beings satisfy more of the criteria for personhood than fetuses and therefore have the right to abort fetuses. 
B)  Genetic humanity is neither necessary nor sufficient for personhood. 
C)  Fetuses satisfy none of the criteria for personhood and therefore are not members of the moral community. 
D)  It is morally wrong to control a woman's body since it is her property and therefore the fetus is her property as well.

Question 7

Which of the following best expresses the basic question that Strawser is trying to answer in "Moral Predators: The Duty to Employ Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is it permissible for the military to use fully autonomous weapons? 
B)  Should the military use armed drones to carry out lethal attacks? 
C)  Is it permissible for the military to use drones for surveillance operations? 
D)  Are armed drones as effective as other means of conducting military operations? 
A)  Is it permissible for the military to use fully autonomous weapons? 
B)  Should the military use armed drones to carry out lethal attacks? 
C)  Is it permissible for the military to use drones for surveillance operations? 
D)  Are armed drones as effective as other means of conducting military operations?

Question 8

What is utility, according to Bentham?

Accepted Answer

A)  Utility is the usefulness of an object or action for achieving a person's goals. 
B)  Utility is the tendency of an object or action to promote pleasure or reduce pain for some person or persons. 
C)  Utility is the usefulness of an object or action for eliminating pain. 
D)  Utility is the capacity of an object or action to satisfy someone's basic needs. 
A)  Utility is the usefulness of an object or action for achieving a person's goals. 
B)  Utility is the tendency of an object or action to promote pleasure or reduce pain for some person or persons. 
C)  Utility is the usefulness of an object or action for eliminating pain. 
D)  Utility is the capacity of an object or action to satisfy someone's basic needs.

Question 9

What is a "caring attitude," according to Collins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Someone has a caring attitude toward something when he or she wants to promote, preserve, or honor that thing. 
B)  Someone has a caring attitude toward another person when he or she loves and appreciates that person. 
C)  Someone has a caring attitude toward another person when he or she cares about how the other person is doing. 
D)  Someone has a caring attitude toward something when that thing matters to him or her. 
A)  Someone has a caring attitude toward something when he or she wants to promote, preserve, or honor that thing. 
B)  Someone has a caring attitude toward another person when he or she loves and appreciates that person. 
C)  Someone has a caring attitude toward another person when he or she cares about how the other person is doing. 
D)  Someone has a caring attitude toward something when that thing matters to him or her.

Question 10

Which of the following would count as an objection to Dougherty's argument that there is no objective distinction between core and periphery features to a sexual encounter?

Accepted Answer

A)  Just because an objective distinction between core and periphery features should not be based on an objectionably moralized conception of sex does not mean that such a distinction could not still be drawn by evaluating which of people's reasons for considering a feature a core feature count as good reasons. 
B)  The harm explanation should not be rejected because it is equivalent to the consent explanation so long as the lack of consent in a sexual encounter and the violation of sexual rights themselves count as harms. 
C)  An objective distinction between core and periphery features can be drawn based on an appropriate conception of sexual autonomy in which individuals are free to determine for themselves which features of a sexual encounter are particularly important to them. 
D)  There is an objective meaningful distinction between core and periphery features to a sexual encounter because there is an objective distinction between nonconsensual sex and the Chihuahua case. 
A)  Just because an objective distinction between core and periphery features should not be based on an objectionably moralized conception of sex does not mean that such a distinction could not still be drawn by evaluating which of people's reasons for considering a feature a core feature count as good reasons. 
B)  The harm explanation should not be rejected because it is equivalent to the consent explanation so long as the lack of consent in a sexual encounter and the violation of sexual rights themselves count as harms. 
C)  An objective distinction between core and periphery features can be drawn based on an appropriate conception of sexual autonomy in which individuals are free to determine for themselves which features of a sexual encounter are particularly important to them. 
D)  There is an objective meaningful distinction between core and periphery features to a sexual encounter because there is an objective distinction between nonconsensual sex and the Chihuahua case.

Question 11

Which of the following best summarizes van den Haag's main conclusion about deterrence and the death penalty?

Accepted Answer

A)  The death penalty likely does deter crime, but this is not essential to its moral permissibility. 
B)  The death penalty likely does not deter crime, but this is essential to its moral permissibility. 
C)  The death penalty does deter crime and this is ultimately essential to its moral permissibility. 
D)  The death penalty is essential to keeping a criminal from reoffending, which is a form of deterrence. 
A)  The death penalty likely does deter crime, but this is not essential to its moral permissibility. 
B)  The death penalty likely does not deter crime, but this is essential to its moral permissibility. 
C)  The death penalty does deter crime and this is ultimately essential to its moral permissibility. 
D)  The death penalty is essential to keeping a criminal from reoffending, which is a form of deterrence.

Question 12

Singer thinks that whether someone is close to you or far away makes no difference to your obligation to prevent something bad from happening to him or her.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

How does Mill think we can tell whether one pleasure is of a higher quality than another?

Accepted Answer

A)  By calculating how much of the pleasure derives from mental enjoyment and how much derives from bodily enjoyment. 
B)  By observing whether people who have enough experience with both pleasures prefer one over the other, regardless of quantity. 
C)  By experiencing both for ourselves to determine which is most intense or long-lasting. 
D)  By seeing which pleasure most people choose when given the option between the two. 
A)  By calculating how much of the pleasure derives from mental enjoyment and how much derives from bodily enjoyment. 
B)  By observing whether people who have enough experience with both pleasures prefer one over the other, regardless of quantity. 
C)  By experiencing both for ourselves to determine which is most intense or long-lasting. 
D)  By seeing which pleasure most people choose when given the option between the two.

Question 14

In your own words, state Steinbock's main conclusion in "Speciesism and the Idea of Equality" and summarize her main argument for that conclusion.

Accepted Answer

In "Speciesism and the Idea of Equality,

Question 15

Which of the following is the best example of probabilistic causation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fact that one is Republican makes it more likely that one is pro-life on the issue of abortion. 
B)  One billiard ball striking another billiard ball and propelling it on a trajectory fixed by mechanical laws. 
C)  Someone dying is a constitutive part of murder. 
D)  Exposure to the sun increases one's probability of developing skin cancer. 
A)  The fact that one is Republican makes it more likely that one is pro-life on the issue of abortion. 
B)  One billiard ball striking another billiard ball and propelling it on a trajectory fixed by mechanical laws. 
C)  Someone dying is a constitutive part of murder. 
D)  Exposure to the sun increases one's probability of developing skin cancer.

Question 16

How might someone object to Sinnott-Armstrong's claim that the greenhouse gas emissions from a single joyride won't cause any harm to anyone? Be sure to state your objection as a complete argument.

Accepted Answer

One possible objection to Sinnott-Armstr

Question 17

In your own words, explain John Broome's basic argument in "Private Morality and Climate Change."

Accepted Answer

John Broome's basic argument in "Private

Question 18

According to Liu, the focus on preferences is problematic because we can find a certain group of people physically unappealing but still develop morally valuable relationships with them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

According to Mill, what is the relationship among perfect obligations, imperfect obligations, and rights?

Accepted Answer

A)  Imperfect obligations give rise to rights, whereas perfect obligations do not. 
B)  All obligations are imperfect until the government establishes a legal right to perform it, at which point it becomes a perfect obligation. 
C)  Perfect obligations give rise to rights, whereas imperfect obligations do not. 
D)  Perfect and imperfect obligations give rise to different kinds of rights, corresponding to individuals and groups, respectively. 
A)  Imperfect obligations give rise to rights, whereas perfect obligations do not. 
B)  All obligations are imperfect until the government establishes a legal right to perform it, at which point it becomes a perfect obligation. 
C)  Perfect obligations give rise to rights, whereas imperfect obligations do not. 
D)  Perfect and imperfect obligations give rise to different kinds of rights, corresponding to individuals and groups, respectively.

Question 20

According to Eaton, the harm hypothesis does not necessarily have to assume that gender attributes and relations are socially constructed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Of the following definitions, which most accurately defines Warren's idea of the moral community?

Strawser argues that concerns about lowering the threshold for going to war rest on questionable calculations about what is likely to happen in the future.

Which of the following best captures the basic question that Thomas is trying to answer in this paper?

Might there be other criteria-in addition to the capacity to suffer-that would render something a moral patient? What else, in addition to sentience, might be relevant to that status?

Sinnott-Armstrong argues that only consequentialist theories entail an individual obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Which of the following best captures Warren's main argument for the claim that abortion is permissible?

Which of the following best expresses the basic question that Strawser is trying to answer in "Moral Predators: The Duty to Employ Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles"?

What is utility, according to Bentham?

What is a "caring attitude," according to Collins?

Which of the following would count as an objection to Dougherty's argument that there is no objective distinction between core and periphery features to a sexual encounter?

Which of the following best summarizes van den Haag's main conclusion about deterrence and the death penalty?

Singer thinks that whether someone is close to you or far away makes no difference to your obligation to prevent something bad from happening to him or her.

How does Mill think we can tell whether one pleasure is of a higher quality than another?

In your own words, state Steinbock's main conclusion in "Speciesism and the Idea of Equality" and summarize her main argument for that conclusion.

Which of the following is the best example of probabilistic causation?

How might someone object to Sinnott-Armstrong's claim that the greenhouse gas emissions from a single joyride won't cause any harm to anyone? Be sure to state your objection as a complete argument.

In your own words, explain John Broome's basic argument in "Private Morality and Climate Change."

According to Liu, the focus on preferences is problematic because we can find a certain group of people physically unappealing but still develop morally valuable relationships with them.

According to Mill, what is the relationship among perfect obligations, imperfect obligations, and rights?

According to Eaton, the harm hypothesis does not necessarily have to assume that gender attributes and relations are socially constructed.

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Filters

Exam 13: Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

Of the following definitions, which most accurately defines Warren's idea of the moral community?

Strawser argues that concerns about lowering the threshold for going to war rest on questionable calculations about what is likely to happen in the future.

Which of the following best captures the basic question that Thomas is trying to answer in this paper?

Might there be other criteria-in addition to the capacity to suffer-that would render something a moral patient? What else, in addition to sentience, might be relevant to that status?

Sinnott-Armstrong argues that only consequentialist theories entail an individual obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Which of the following best captures Warren's main argument for the claim that abortion is permissible?

Which of the following best expresses the basic question that Strawser is trying to answer in "Moral Predators: The Duty to Employ Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles"?

What is utility, according to Bentham?

What is a "caring attitude," according to Collins?

Which of the following would count as an objection to Dougherty's argument that there is no objective distinction between core and periphery features to a sexual encounter?

Which of the following best summarizes van den Haag's main conclusion about deterrence and the death penalty?

Singer thinks that whether someone is close to you or far away makes no difference to your obligation to prevent something bad from happening to him or her.

How does Mill think we can tell whether one pleasure is of a higher quality than another?

In your own words, state Steinbock's main conclusion in "Speciesism and the Idea of Equality" and summarize her main argument for that conclusion.

Which of the following is the best example of probabilistic causation?

How might someone object to Sinnott-Armstrong's claim that the greenhouse gas emissions from a single joyride won't cause any harm to anyone? Be sure to state your objection as a complete argument.

In your own words, explain John Broome's basic argument in "Private Morality and Climate Change."

According to Liu, the focus on preferences is problematic because we can find a certain group of people physically unappealing but still develop morally valuable relationships with them.

According to Mill, what is the relationship among perfect obligations, imperfect obligations, and rights?

According to Eaton, the harm hypothesis does not necessarily have to assume that gender attributes and relations are socially constructed.

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Filters