Question 1

Aspiring singers copy the song style,and sometimes even the clothing,of established stars.What kind of learning is this?​

Accepted Answer

A) Classical conditioning 
B) ​Primary reinforcement 
C) ​Fixed-interval reinforcement 
D) Vicarious reinforcement​ 
A) Classical conditioning 
B) ​Primary reinforcement 
C) ​Fixed-interval reinforcement 
D) Vicarious reinforcement​

Question 2

​In the classical conditioning interpretation of drug tolerance,what is the conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) The procedure of administering the drug 
B) The entry of the drug into the brain​ 
C) The drug's effects on the body​ 
D) The body's defenses against the drug​ 
A) The procedure of administering the drug 
B) The entry of the drug into the brain​ 
C) The drug's effects on the body​ 
D) The body's defenses against the drug​

Question 3

Someone stung by a jellyfish now fears anything floating in the water.This is an example of what?​

Accepted Answer

A) Habituation 
B) Spontaneous recovery​ 
C) Discrimination​ 
D) ​Stimulus generalization 
A) Habituation 
B) Spontaneous recovery​ 
C) Discrimination​ 
D) ​Stimulus generalization

Question 4

If you learn to close the door to keep out the insects,what process increased this behavior?​

Accepted Answer

A) Disequilibrium principle 
B) Positive reinforcement​ 
C) Negative reinforcement​ 
D) Stimulus generalization​ 
A) Disequilibrium principle 
B) Positive reinforcement​ 
C) Negative reinforcement​ 
D) Stimulus generalization​

Question 5

​Your clock makes a clicking sound just before the alarm.Initially that sound didn't waken you,but now it does,due to classical conditioning.What is the alarm?

Accepted Answer

A) Conditioned stimulus 
B) ​Unconditioned stimulus 
C) Conditioned response​ 
D) Unconditioned response​ 
A) Conditioned stimulus 
B) ​Unconditioned stimulus 
C) Conditioned response​ 
D) Unconditioned response​

Question 6

​While studying for exams,you have had less than the usual opportunity for physical exercise.Which of the following predicts that an opportunity to exercise will be reinforcing for you?

Accepted Answer

A) The blocking effect 
B) The disequilibrium principle​ 
C) Applied behavior analysis​ 
D) The law of effect​ 
A) The blocking effect 
B) The disequilibrium principle​ 
C) Applied behavior analysis​ 
D) The law of effect​

Question 7

Because Thorndike's cats learned gradually instead of suddenly,what did he conclude?​

Accepted Answer

A) The cats learned by classical conditioning, not operant conditioning. 
B) The cats learned by gaining an understanding of the situation.​ 
C) Learning means increased sensitivity at glutamate synapses.​ 
D) Learning means strengthening responses, not gaining insights.​ 
A) The cats learned by classical conditioning, not operant conditioning. 
B) The cats learned by gaining an understanding of the situation.​ 
C) Learning means increased sensitivity at glutamate synapses.​ 
D) Learning means strengthening responses, not gaining insights.​

Question 8

​Which type of psychologist insists that psychologists should avoid mental explanations?

Accepted Answer

A) Psychoanalyst 
B) ​Behaviorist 
C) ​Cognitive psychologist 
D) ​Humanistic psychologist 
A) Psychoanalyst 
B) ​Behaviorist 
C) ​Cognitive psychologist 
D) ​Humanistic psychologist

Question 9

John and Joe enjoy fishing.Last year John caught fish every time he tried,but Joe caught fish only occasionally.So far this year,neither one has caught any fish.What will happen?​

Accepted Answer

A) John will quit more quickly. 
B) Joe will quit more quickly.​ 
C) Both will quit equally fast.​ 
D) Whoever is the younger one will quit more quickly.​ 
A) John will quit more quickly. 
B) Joe will quit more quickly.​ 
C) Both will quit equally fast.​ 
D) Whoever is the younger one will quit more quickly.​

Question 10

​According to the disequilibrium principle,what event would be a reinforcer for someone?

Accepted Answer

A) Something the person has not recently had enough opportunity to do 
B) Something that is a common behavior for others in the same society​ 
C) Something that increases the probability of long-term health​ 
D) Something that equalizes the activity between the left and right brain hemispheres​ 
A) Something the person has not recently had enough opportunity to do 
B) Something that is a common behavior for others in the same society​ 
C) Something that increases the probability of long-term health​ 
D) Something that equalizes the activity between the left and right brain hemispheres​

Question 11

The procedure called "shaping" occurs at which stage of operant conditioning?​

Accepted Answer

A) At the start of training 
B) When the animal has learned the response, but still responds slowly​ 
C) When training is complete​ 
D) At the start of the extinction procedure​ 
A) At the start of training 
B) When the animal has learned the response, but still responds slowly​ 
C) When training is complete​ 
D) At the start of the extinction procedure​

Question 12

What did B.F.Skinner mean by "shaping"?​

Accepted Answer

A) Start by training a simple response and work up to more complex ones. 
B) Show the animal an example of the response and let it imitate.​ 
C) Mold the animal's body into the right position to make the response.​ 
D) ​Change the outcome of the response unpredictably from one time to the next. 
A) Start by training a simple response and work up to more complex ones. 
B) Show the animal an example of the response and let it imitate.​ 
C) Mold the animal's body into the right position to make the response.​ 
D) ​Change the outcome of the response unpredictably from one time to the next.

Question 13

Pavlov believed that a physiological change caused an animal to react to the CS as if it were the UCS.Which of the following is evidence AGAINST that idea?​

Accepted Answer

A) Conditioning occurs faster with an unfamiliar CS than with a familiar CS. 
B) In some cases extinction is followed by spontaneous recovery.​ 
C) In some cases the CR does not resemble the UCR.​ 
D) Conditioning occurs faster with a strong UCR than with a weaker UCR.​ 
A) Conditioning occurs faster with an unfamiliar CS than with a familiar CS. 
B) In some cases extinction is followed by spontaneous recovery.​ 
C) In some cases the CR does not resemble the UCR.​ 
D) Conditioning occurs faster with a strong UCR than with a weaker UCR.​

Question 14

​What is a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) A weaker than average reinforcer 
B) Something that became reinforcing by association with something else​ 
C) Something that reinforces behaviors that are made unconsciously​ 
D) A reinforcer that occurs long after the primary reinforcer​ 
A) A weaker than average reinforcer 
B) Something that became reinforcing by association with something else​ 
C) Something that reinforces behaviors that are made unconsciously​ 
D) A reinforcer that occurs long after the primary reinforcer​

Question 15

​Which of the following is an example of discrimination in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) You buy from a store with good quality products and avoid a store with poor quality. 
B) ​You buy more expensive things shortly after receiving a paycheck. 
C) You buy something expensive with a credit card and then regret your purchase later.​ 
D) You buy attractive clothing and then enjoy wearing it to a party.​ 
A) You buy from a store with good quality products and avoid a store with poor quality. 
B) ​You buy more expensive things shortly after receiving a paycheck. 
C) You buy something expensive with a credit card and then regret your purchase later.​ 
D) You buy attractive clothing and then enjoy wearing it to a party.​

Question 16

​Training a response by reinforcing successive approximations to it is known as what?

Accepted Answer

A) Classical conditioning 
B) Shaping​ 
C) Disequilibrium​ 
D) ​The law of effect 
A) Classical conditioning 
B) Shaping​ 
C) Disequilibrium​ 
D) ​The law of effect

Question 17

If you have been deprived of the opportunity to do something,the opportunity to do it can function as a reinforcer.Which term applies to this principle?​

Accepted Answer

A) Law of effect 
B) ​Blocking effect 
C) ​Schedule of reinforcement 
D) ​Disequilibrium principle 
A) Law of effect 
B) ​Blocking effect 
C) ​Schedule of reinforcement 
D) ​Disequilibrium principle

Question 18

A dog hears a tone followed by food until it consistently salivates to the tone.Then it gets both the tone and a light before food for additional trials.What will now evoke a strong conditioned response?​

Accepted Answer

A) Only the light 
B) Only the tone​ 
C) Either the light or the tone​ 
D) Neither the light nor the tone​ 
A) Only the light 
B) Only the tone​ 
C) Either the light or the tone​ 
D) Neither the light nor the tone​

Question 19

A child learned to get candy by crying.What would extinguish this response?​

Accepted Answer

A) Punish the child for crying. 
B) Stop giving candy.​ 
C) Give candy before the child starts crying.​ 
D) Explain to the child why crying is inappropriate.​ 
A) Punish the child for crying. 
B) Stop giving candy.​ 
C) Give candy before the child starts crying.​ 
D) Explain to the child why crying is inappropriate.​

Question 20

What produces spontaneous recovery of a learned response?​

Accepted Answer

A) Acquisition of a conditioned response, then acquisition of a competing response 
B) Extinction, long delay, and then testing again​ 
C) Acquisition of a conditioned response, then testing with a different but similar stimulus​ 
D) Acquisition, then generalization, then discrimination​ 
A) Acquisition of a conditioned response, then acquisition of a competing response 
B) Extinction, long delay, and then testing again​ 
C) Acquisition of a conditioned response, then testing with a different but similar stimulus​ 
D) Acquisition, then generalization, then discrimination​

Exam 6: Learning

Aspiring singers copy the song style,and sometimes even the clothing,of established stars.What kind of learning is this?​

​In the classical conditioning interpretation of drug tolerance,what is the conditioned stimulus?

Someone stung by a jellyfish now fears anything floating in the water.This is an example of what?​

If you learn to close the door to keep out the insects,what process increased this behavior?​

​Your clock makes a clicking sound just before the alarm.Initially that sound didn't waken you,but now it does,due to classical conditioning.What is the alarm?

​While studying for exams,you have had less than the usual opportunity for physical exercise.Which of the following predicts that an opportunity to exercise will be reinforcing for you?

Because Thorndike's cats learned gradually instead of suddenly,what did he conclude?​

​Which type of psychologist insists that psychologists should avoid mental explanations?

John and Joe enjoy fishing.Last year John caught fish every time he tried,but Joe caught fish only occasionally.So far this year,neither one has caught any fish.What will happen?​

​According to the disequilibrium principle,what event would be a reinforcer for someone?

The procedure called "shaping" occurs at which stage of operant conditioning?​

What did B.F.Skinner mean by "shaping"?​

Pavlov believed that a physiological change caused an animal to react to the CS as if it were the UCS.Which of the following is evidence AGAINST that idea?​

​What is a secondary reinforcer?

​Which of the following is an example of discrimination in operant conditioning?

​Training a response by reinforcing successive approximations to it is known as what?

If you have been deprived of the opportunity to do something,the opportunity to do it can function as a reinforcer.Which term applies to this principle?​

A dog hears a tone followed by food until it consistently salivates to the tone.Then it gets both the tone and a light before food for additional trials.What will now evoke a strong conditioned response?​

A child learned to get candy by crying.What would extinguish this response?​

What produces spontaneous recovery of a learned response?​

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A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

Cognition and Language

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

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Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

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Filters

Aspiring singers copy the song style,and sometimes even the clothing,of established stars.What kind of learning is this?

In the classical conditioning interpretation of drug tolerance,what is the conditioned stimulus?

Someone stung by a jellyfish now fears anything floating in the water.This is an example of what?

If you learn to close the door to keep out the insects,what process increased this behavior?

Your clock makes a clicking sound just before the alarm.Initially that sound didn't waken you,but now it does,due to classical conditioning.What is the alarm?

While studying for exams,you have had less than the usual opportunity for physical exercise.Which of the following predicts that an opportunity to exercise will be reinforcing for you?

Because Thorndike's cats learned gradually instead of suddenly,what did he conclude?

Which type of psychologist insists that psychologists should avoid mental explanations?

John and Joe enjoy fishing.Last year John caught fish every time he tried,but Joe caught fish only occasionally.So far this year,neither one has caught any fish.What will happen?

According to the disequilibrium principle,what event would be a reinforcer for someone?

The procedure called "shaping" occurs at which stage of operant conditioning?

What did B.F.Skinner mean by "shaping"?

Pavlov believed that a physiological change caused an animal to react to the CS as if it were the UCS.Which of the following is evidence AGAINST that idea?

What is a secondary reinforcer?

Which of the following is an example of discrimination in operant conditioning?

Training a response by reinforcing successive approximations to it is known as what?

If you have been deprived of the opportunity to do something,the opportunity to do it can function as a reinforcer.Which term applies to this principle?

A dog hears a tone followed by food until it consistently salivates to the tone.Then it gets both the tone and a light before food for additional trials.What will now evoke a strong conditioned response?

A child learned to get candy by crying.What would extinguish this response?

What produces spontaneous recovery of a learned response?