Question 1

​Which topics are of the LEAST interest to behaviorists?

Accepted Answer

A) Conscious and unconscious thought 
B) ​Classical and operant conditioning 
C) ​Animal and human learning 
D) ​Stimuli and responses 
A) Conscious and unconscious thought 
B) ​Classical and operant conditioning 
C) ​Animal and human learning 
D) ​Stimuli and responses

Question 2

Your clock makes a clicking sound just before the alarm.Initially that sound didn't waken you,but now it does,due to classical conditioning.What is the conditioned stimulus?​

Accepted Answer

A) The clicking sound 
B) The alarm​ 
C) Waking up​ 
D) The clock​ 
A) The clicking sound 
B) The alarm​ 
C) Waking up​ 
D) The clock​

Question 3

​To determine what would be a reinforcer for some child today,according to the disequilibrium principle,how should we start?

Accepted Answer

A) Find something the child has not recently had enough opportunity to do. 
B) Test which actions the child can do easily, and which ones are more difficult.​ 
C) Measure brain waves as the child looks at one picture after another.​ 
D) Ask other children the same age what they like to do.​ 
A) Find something the child has not recently had enough opportunity to do. 
B) Test which actions the child can do easily, and which ones are more difficult.​ 
C) Measure brain waves as the child looks at one picture after another.​ 
D) Ask other children the same age what they like to do.​

Question 4

Which type of learning occurs easily even with items that are separated by an hour or more?​

Accepted Answer

A) A flashing light followed by shock 
B) A loud sound followed by food​ 
C) An unfamiliar taste followed by illness​ 
D) A simple response followed by electric shock​ 
A) A flashing light followed by shock 
B) A loud sound followed by food​ 
C) An unfamiliar taste followed by illness​ 
D) A simple response followed by electric shock​

Question 5

Animal #1 always gets a conditioned stimulus (CS)followed by the unconditioned stimulus (UCS),and often gets the UCS by itself.Animal #2 sometimes gets the CS followed by the UCS,but not always.Animal #3 always gets the CS followed by the UCS,and the UCS never occurs at other times.Animal #4 always get the UCS followed by the CS,and never gets either one alone.Which animal will show the strongest evidence of conditioning?​

Accepted Answer

A) Animal #1 
B) Animal #2​ 
C) Animal #3​ 
D) Animal #4​ 
A) Animal #1 
B) Animal #2​ 
C) Animal #3​ 
D) Animal #4​

Question 6

Which of these is an example of stimulus generalization?​

Accepted Answer

A) You smile while watching a comedy movie. 
B) You smile when someone points a camera at you and tells you to smile.​ 
C) You smile at someone who looks like your best friend.​ 
D) You smile while remembering one of your best accomplishments.​ 
A) You smile while watching a comedy movie. 
B) You smile when someone points a camera at you and tells you to smile.​ 
C) You smile at someone who looks like your best friend.​ 
D) You smile while remembering one of your best accomplishments.​

Question 7

Your local coffee shop offers a discounted price to everyone who is in line when the store opens.Which schedule of reinforcement is this?​

Accepted Answer

A) Fixed-interval 
B) Variable-interval​ 
C) Fixed-ratio​ 
D) Variable-ratio​ 
A) Fixed-interval 
B) Variable-interval​ 
C) Fixed-ratio​ 
D) Variable-ratio​

Question 8

Under which condition is classical conditioning strongest?​

Accepted Answer

A) The CS and UCS occur at random times. 
B) The UCS always occurs shortly before the CS.​ 
C) The UCS always occurs shortly after any CS, but also often occurs by itself.​ 
D) The UCS always occurs shortly after any CS, and never occurs by itself.​ 
A) The CS and UCS occur at random times. 
B) The UCS always occurs shortly before the CS.​ 
C) The UCS always occurs shortly after any CS, but also often occurs by itself.​ 
D) The UCS always occurs shortly after any CS, and never occurs by itself.​

Question 9

What other terms mean the same as negative reinforcement?​

Accepted Answer

A) Escape or avoidance learning 
B) Extinction or forgetting​ 
C) Generalization or discrimination​ 
D) Shaping or chaining​ 
A) Escape or avoidance learning 
B) Extinction or forgetting​ 
C) Generalization or discrimination​ 
D) Shaping or chaining​

Question 10

​What is spontaneous recovery?

Accepted Answer

A) A conditioned response to a stimulus that was not part of the training 
B) A new response to the conditioned stimulus, not resembling the unconditioned response​ 
C) Increased response to a stimulus after a delay following extinction​ 
D) ​A response after the conditioned response that produces the opposite result 
A) A conditioned response to a stimulus that was not part of the training 
B) A new response to the conditioned stimulus, not resembling the unconditioned response​ 
C) Increased response to a stimulus after a delay following extinction​ 
D) ​A response after the conditioned response that produces the opposite result

Question 11

​What kind of evidence supports the recommendation against spanking children?

Accepted Answer

A) Spanking frequency is positively correlated with children's misbehavior. 
B) Spanking frequency is negatively correlated with children's misbehavior.​ 
C) Experiments with random assignment show psychological harm from spankings.​ 
D) Experiments with random assignment show health problems from spankings.​ 
A) Spanking frequency is positively correlated with children's misbehavior. 
B) Spanking frequency is negatively correlated with children's misbehavior.​ 
C) Experiments with random assignment show psychological harm from spankings.​ 
D) Experiments with random assignment show health problems from spankings.​

Question 12

When Pavlov paired a buzzer with food and measured salivation,what was the conditioned response?​

Accepted Answer

A) The buzzer 
B) ​The food 
C) Salivation​ 
D) Both the buzzer and the food​ 
A) The buzzer 
B) ​The food 
C) Salivation​ 
D) Both the buzzer and the food​

Question 13

​People hear a tone,followed by a puff of air to the eyes,which causes an eyeblink.After a few pairings,people blink their eyes when they hear the tone.What is the conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) The tone 
B) ​The air puff 
C) Blinking​ 
D) ​The time between the tone and the air puff 
A) The tone 
B) ​The air puff 
C) Blinking​ 
D) ​The time between the tone and the air puff

Question 14

​Which of these is true at the beginning of an experiment on classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) The CS and the UCS are similar. 
B) ​The CS automatically elicits the CR. 
C) The UCS automatically elicits the UCR.​ 
D) The CS and the CR are similar.​ 
A) The CS and the UCS are similar. 
B) ​The CS automatically elicits the CR. 
C) The UCS automatically elicits the UCR.​ 
D) The CS and the CR are similar.​

Question 15

Your clock makes a clicking sound just before the alarm.Initially that sound didn't waken you,but now it does,due to classical conditioning.What is the clicking sound?​

Accepted Answer

A) Conditioned stimulus 
B) Unconditioned stimulus​ 
C) Conditioned response​ 
D) Unconditioned response​ 
A) Conditioned stimulus 
B) Unconditioned stimulus​ 
C) Conditioned response​ 
D) Unconditioned response​

Question 16

Suppose you pair a sound with food,leading to conditioned salivation.How could you produce extinction?​

Accepted Answer

A) Present neither stimulus. 
B) Present a different stimulus, followed by food.​ 
C) Present the food without the sound.​ 
D) Present the sound without the food.​ 
A) Present neither stimulus. 
B) Present a different stimulus, followed by food.​ 
C) Present the food without the sound.​ 
D) Present the sound without the food.​

Question 17

Which type of learning occurs easily even with a long delay between the events to be associated?​

Accepted Answer

A) Classical conditioning 
B) Operant conditioning​ 
C) Conditioned taste aversion​ 
D) Association of arm movements with electric shock​ 
A) Classical conditioning 
B) Operant conditioning​ 
C) Conditioned taste aversion​ 
D) Association of arm movements with electric shock​

Question 18

What types of associations are animals most predisposed to learn?​

Accepted Answer

A) They associate lights and sounds with shocks and they associate tastes with illness. 
B) They associate lights and sounds with illness and they associate tastes with shocks.​ 
C) They associate lights and sounds with reward and they associate tastes with punishment.​ 
D) They associate lights and sounds with punishment and they associate tastes with reward.​ 
A) They associate lights and sounds with shocks and they associate tastes with illness. 
B) They associate lights and sounds with illness and they associate tastes with shocks.​ 
C) They associate lights and sounds with reward and they associate tastes with punishment.​ 
D) They associate lights and sounds with punishment and they associate tastes with reward.​

Question 19

Operant conditioning and classical conditioning apply primarily to what type of responses?​

Accepted Answer

A) Operant conditioning: skeletal responses. Classical conditioning: visceral responses. 
B) Operant conditioning: visceral responses. Classical conditioning: skeletal responses.​ 
C) Operant conditioning: reflexive responses. Classical conditioning: skeletal responses.​ 
D) ​Operant conditioning: visceral responses. Classical conditioning: reflexive responses. 
A) Operant conditioning: skeletal responses. Classical conditioning: visceral responses. 
B) Operant conditioning: visceral responses. Classical conditioning: skeletal responses.​ 
C) Operant conditioning: reflexive responses. Classical conditioning: skeletal responses.​ 
D) ​Operant conditioning: visceral responses. Classical conditioning: reflexive responses.

Question 20

What does the social-learning approach emphasize?​

Accepted Answer

A) The law of effect 
B) Variable-ratio schedules of reinforcement​ 
C) The disequilibrium principle​ 
D) Learning by imitation​ 
A) The law of effect 
B) Variable-ratio schedules of reinforcement​ 
C) The disequilibrium principle​ 
D) Learning by imitation​

Exam 6: Learning

​Which topics are of the LEAST interest to behaviorists?

Your clock makes a clicking sound just before the alarm.Initially that sound didn't waken you,but now it does,due to classical conditioning.What is the conditioned stimulus?​

​To determine what would be a reinforcer for some child today,according to the disequilibrium principle,how should we start?

Which type of learning occurs easily even with items that are separated by an hour or more?​

Which of these is an example of stimulus generalization?​

Your local coffee shop offers a discounted price to everyone who is in line when the store opens.Which schedule of reinforcement is this?​

Under which condition is classical conditioning strongest?​

What other terms mean the same as negative reinforcement?​

​What is spontaneous recovery?

​What kind of evidence supports the recommendation against spanking children?

When Pavlov paired a buzzer with food and measured salivation,what was the conditioned response?​

​People hear a tone,followed by a puff of air to the eyes,which causes an eyeblink.After a few pairings,people blink their eyes when they hear the tone.What is the conditioned stimulus?

​Which of these is true at the beginning of an experiment on classical conditioning?

Your clock makes a clicking sound just before the alarm.Initially that sound didn't waken you,but now it does,due to classical conditioning.What is the clicking sound?​

Suppose you pair a sound with food,leading to conditioned salivation.How could you produce extinction?​

Which type of learning occurs easily even with a long delay between the events to be associated?​

What types of associations are animals most predisposed to learn?​

Operant conditioning and classical conditioning apply primarily to what type of responses?​

What does the social-learning approach emphasize?​

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

Cognition and Language

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Filters

Which topics are of the LEAST interest to behaviorists?

Your clock makes a clicking sound just before the alarm.Initially that sound didn't waken you,but now it does,due to classical conditioning.What is the conditioned stimulus?

To determine what would be a reinforcer for some child today,according to the disequilibrium principle,how should we start?

Which type of learning occurs easily even with items that are separated by an hour or more?

Which of these is an example of stimulus generalization?

Your local coffee shop offers a discounted price to everyone who is in line when the store opens.Which schedule of reinforcement is this?

Under which condition is classical conditioning strongest?

What other terms mean the same as negative reinforcement?

What is spontaneous recovery?

What kind of evidence supports the recommendation against spanking children?

When Pavlov paired a buzzer with food and measured salivation,what was the conditioned response?

People hear a tone,followed by a puff of air to the eyes,which causes an eyeblink.After a few pairings,people blink their eyes when they hear the tone.What is the conditioned stimulus?

Which of these is true at the beginning of an experiment on classical conditioning?

Your clock makes a clicking sound just before the alarm.Initially that sound didn't waken you,but now it does,due to classical conditioning.What is the clicking sound?

Suppose you pair a sound with food,leading to conditioned salivation.How could you produce extinction?

Which type of learning occurs easily even with a long delay between the events to be associated?

What types of associations are animals most predisposed to learn?

Operant conditioning and classical conditioning apply primarily to what type of responses?

What does the social-learning approach emphasize?