Question 1

What happens if an animal eats an unfamiliar food and becomes ill many minutes later?​

Accepted Answer

A) It immediately learns to avoid that food. 
B) It fails to learn anything, because of the long delay.​ 
C) It becomes even more likely than usual to eat that food again.​ 
D) ​It learns to avoid all familiar foods. 
A) It immediately learns to avoid that food. 
B) It fails to learn anything, because of the long delay.​ 
C) It becomes even more likely than usual to eat that food again.​ 
D) ​It learns to avoid all familiar foods.

Question 2

​Stopping at a red light and going forward on green illustrates which aspect of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Fixed-ratio schedule 
B) Negative reinforcement​ 
C) Stimulus generalization​ 
D) Discrimination​ 
A) Fixed-ratio schedule 
B) Negative reinforcement​ 
C) Stimulus generalization​ 
D) Discrimination​

Question 3

​People hear a tone,followed by a puff of air to the eyes,which causes an eyeblink.After a few pairings,people blink their eyes when they hear the tone.What are the tone and the puff of air?

Accepted Answer

A) The tone is the conditioned stimulus and the puff of air is the unconditioned stimulus. 
B) ​The tone is the conditioned stimulus and the puff of air is the conditioned response. 
C) The tone is the unconditioned stimulus and the puff of air is the unconditioned response.​ 
D) ​The tone is the conditioned response and the puff of air is the unconditioned response. 
A) The tone is the conditioned stimulus and the puff of air is the unconditioned stimulus. 
B) ​The tone is the conditioned stimulus and the puff of air is the conditioned response. 
C) The tone is the unconditioned stimulus and the puff of air is the unconditioned response.​ 
D) ​The tone is the conditioned response and the puff of air is the unconditioned response.

Question 4

How could you produce extinction of a response established by operant conditioning?​

Accepted Answer

A) Punish the response. 
B) Wait a long time without offering an opportunity for response.​ 
C) ​Stop providing reinforcement for the response. 
D) Present the CS without the UCS.​ 
A) Punish the response. 
B) Wait a long time without offering an opportunity for response.​ 
C) ​Stop providing reinforcement for the response. 
D) Present the CS without the UCS.​

Question 5

What did B.F.Skinner mean by "shaping"?​

Accepted Answer

A) Forcing the animal's body into a position that makes the response easy 
B) Controlling a behavior by stimulating appropriate areas of the brain​ 
C) Teaching a behavior by reinforcing approximations to it​ 
D) Gradually increasing the reinforcements to make behavior more vigorous​ 
A) Forcing the animal's body into a position that makes the response easy 
B) Controlling a behavior by stimulating appropriate areas of the brain​ 
C) Teaching a behavior by reinforcing approximations to it​ 
D) Gradually increasing the reinforcements to make behavior more vigorous​

Question 6

​After Pavlov classically conditioned salivation to a sound,what procedure produced extinction?

Accepted Answer

A) Presenting a similar sound followed by food 
B) Presenting the food without the sound​ 
C) Punishing the animal for salivating​ 
D) Presenting the sound without food​ 
A) Presenting a similar sound followed by food 
B) Presenting the food without the sound​ 
C) Punishing the animal for salivating​ 
D) Presenting the sound without food​

Question 7

How did Bandura and colleagues get children to vigorously attack a "Bobo" doll?​

Accepted Answer

A) The experimenters reinforced successive approximations to attacking the doll. 
B) After older children attacked younger children, the younger children were given the doll.​ 
C) The experimenters and children sang a song about the glories of warfare.​ 
D) The children watched a film of someone else attacking the doll.​ 
A) The experimenters reinforced successive approximations to attacking the doll. 
B) After older children attacked younger children, the younger children were given the doll.​ 
C) The experimenters and children sang a song about the glories of warfare.​ 
D) The children watched a film of someone else attacking the doll.​

Question 8

Your clock makes a clicking sound just before the alarm.Initially that sound didn't waken you,but now it does,due to classical conditioning.What is the unconditioned stimulus?​

Accepted Answer

A) The clicking sound 
B) The alarm​ 
C) Waking up​ 
D) The clock​ 
A) The clicking sound 
B) The alarm​ 
C) Waking up​ 
D) The clock​

Question 9

When a dog hears a bell,it sits up on its hind legs,drools,and receives food.What kind of conditioning is this?​

Accepted Answer

A) It is operant conditioning. 
B) It is classical conditioning.​ 
C) It depends. Does the dog sit up first, or does it drool first?​ 
D) It depends. Does the food always follow the bell, or only if the dog sits up?​ 
A) It is operant conditioning. 
B) It is classical conditioning.​ 
C) It depends. Does the dog sit up first, or does it drool first?​ 
D) It depends. Does the food always follow the bell, or only if the dog sits up?​

Question 10

​When Thorndike studied cats escaping from puzzle boxes,what result would have suggested to him that the cats gained an understanding of how to open the box?

Accepted Answer

A) If the cats' speed of escaping had increased more gradually than it did 
B) If the cats' speed of escaping had increased suddenly at some point​ 
C) If the cats had been able to learn without reinforcement​ 
D) If the cats had shown a facial expression whenever they escaped​ 
A) If the cats' speed of escaping had increased more gradually than it did 
B) If the cats' speed of escaping had increased suddenly at some point​ 
C) If the cats had been able to learn without reinforcement​ 
D) If the cats had shown a facial expression whenever they escaped​

Question 11

Rats receive a shock when they drink saccharin-flavored water from a tube that produces loud noises and bright lights.Later,what do they avoid,if anything?

Accepted Answer

A) The loud noises and bright lights 
B) Saccharin-flavored water​ 
C) The tube​ 
D) Nothing​ 
A) The loud noises and bright lights 
B) Saccharin-flavored water​ 
C) The tube​ 
D) Nothing​

Question 12

Behaviorists would at once REJECT which of these statements?​

Accepted Answer

A) A worm increases its activity in the presence of bright light. 
B) ​A worm turns toward the food that it likes better. 
C) A worm increases its activity when its body temperature exceeds 30 degrees Celsius. 
D) A worm moves upward more slowly than it moves downward.​ 
A) A worm increases its activity in the presence of bright light. 
B) ​A worm turns toward the food that it likes better. 
C) A worm increases its activity when its body temperature exceeds 30 degrees Celsius. 
D) A worm moves upward more slowly than it moves downward.​

Question 13

​After you produce classical conditioning,you repeatedly present the conditioned stimulus by itself.Which of the following will happen?

Accepted Answer

A) Acquisition 
B) Generalization​ 
C) Discrimination​ 
D) Extinction​ 
A) Acquisition 
B) Generalization​ 
C) Discrimination​ 
D) Extinction​

Question 14

B.F.Skinner sought explanations of behavior in terms of what?​

Accepted Answer

A) Unconscious thought processes 
B) Imbalances among neurotransmitters​ 
C) Ethnic and cultural influences​ 
D) Previous reinforcements​ 
A) Unconscious thought processes 
B) Imbalances among neurotransmitters​ 
C) Ethnic and cultural influences​ 
D) Previous reinforcements​

Question 15

What is a conditioned response?​

Accepted Answer

A) A response that prevents the unconditioned stimulus 
B) ​An action made in the absence of any stimulus 
C) ​A learned response to the conditioned stimulus 
D) ​An unlearned response to the unconditioned stimulus 
A) A response that prevents the unconditioned stimulus 
B) ​An action made in the absence of any stimulus 
C) ​A learned response to the conditioned stimulus 
D) ​An unlearned response to the unconditioned stimulus

Question 16

People hear a tone,followed by a puff of air to the eyes,which causes an eyeblink.After a few pairings,people blink their eyes when they hear the tone.What are the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus?​

Accepted Answer

A) The puff of air is the conditioned stimulus and the tone is the unconditioned stimulus. 
B) ​The tone is the conditioned stimulus and the puff of air is the unconditioned stimulus. 
C) The puff of air is the conditioned stimulus and blinking is the unconditioned stimulus.​ 
D) ​The tone is the conditioned stimulus and blinking is the unconditioned stimulus. 
A) The puff of air is the conditioned stimulus and the tone is the unconditioned stimulus. 
B) ​The tone is the conditioned stimulus and the puff of air is the unconditioned stimulus. 
C) The puff of air is the conditioned stimulus and blinking is the unconditioned stimulus.​ 
D) ​The tone is the conditioned stimulus and blinking is the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 17

​On most days Angela reads for 1 hour,plays outside for 3 hours,and watches TV for 3 hours.Yesterday,however,she read for 3 hours,played outside for 3 hours,and watched TV for 1 hour.According to the disequilibrium principle,what would be the strongest reinforcer for her right now?

Accepted Answer

A) All three events would be equally reinforcing. 
B) Reading​ 
C) ​Playing outside 
D) ​Watching TV 
A) All three events would be equally reinforcing. 
B) Reading​ 
C) ​Playing outside 
D) ​Watching TV

Question 18

Behavior modification is a practical application of what?​

Accepted Answer

A) Classical conditioning 
B) Operant conditioning​ 
C) The representativeness heuristic​ 
D) ​The availability heuristic 
A) Classical conditioning 
B) Operant conditioning​ 
C) The representativeness heuristic​ 
D) ​The availability heuristic

Question 19

When does a male songbird learn what his song is supposed to sound like?​

Accepted Answer

A) During his first year, long before he can sing 
B) As soon as he can start to sing​ 
C) After he has attracted a mate​ 
D) ​After he has begun to fight with other males 
A) During his first year, long before he can sing 
B) As soon as he can start to sing​ 
C) After he has attracted a mate​ 
D) ​After he has begun to fight with other males

Question 20

What did Edward Thorndike say was the basis for animal learning?​

Accepted Answer

A) Reinforcing the probability of certain responses 
B) ​Understanding the relationship between an action and its outcome 
C) The growth of connections between one brain area and another​ 
D) Increasing the activity at synapses using the transmitters glutamate and dopamine​ 
A) Reinforcing the probability of certain responses 
B) ​Understanding the relationship between an action and its outcome 
C) The growth of connections between one brain area and another​ 
D) Increasing the activity at synapses using the transmitters glutamate and dopamine​

Exam 6: Learning

What happens if an animal eats an unfamiliar food and becomes ill many minutes later?​

​Stopping at a red light and going forward on green illustrates which aspect of operant conditioning?

​People hear a tone,followed by a puff of air to the eyes,which causes an eyeblink.After a few pairings,people blink their eyes when they hear the tone.What are the tone and the puff of air?

How could you produce extinction of a response established by operant conditioning?​

What did B.F.Skinner mean by "shaping"?​

​After Pavlov classically conditioned salivation to a sound,what procedure produced extinction?

How did Bandura and colleagues get children to vigorously attack a "Bobo" doll?​

Your clock makes a clicking sound just before the alarm.Initially that sound didn't waken you,but now it does,due to classical conditioning.What is the unconditioned stimulus?​

When a dog hears a bell,it sits up on its hind legs,drools,and receives food.What kind of conditioning is this?​

​When Thorndike studied cats escaping from puzzle boxes,what result would have suggested to him that the cats gained an understanding of how to open the box?

Rats receive a shock when they drink saccharin-flavored water from a tube that produces loud noises and bright lights.Later,what do they avoid,if anything?

Behaviorists would at once REJECT which of these statements?​

​After you produce classical conditioning,you repeatedly present the conditioned stimulus by itself.Which of the following will happen?

B.F.Skinner sought explanations of behavior in terms of what?​

What is a conditioned response?​

People hear a tone,followed by a puff of air to the eyes,which causes an eyeblink.After a few pairings,people blink their eyes when they hear the tone.What are the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus?​

​On most days Angela reads for 1 hour,plays outside for 3 hours,and watches TV for 3 hours.Yesterday,however,she read for 3 hours,played outside for 3 hours,and watched TV for 1 hour.According to the disequilibrium principle,what would be the strongest reinforcer for her right now?

Behavior modification is a practical application of what?​

When does a male songbird learn what his song is supposed to sound like?​

What did Edward Thorndike say was the basis for animal learning?​

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

Cognition and Language

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Filters

What happens if an animal eats an unfamiliar food and becomes ill many minutes later?

Stopping at a red light and going forward on green illustrates which aspect of operant conditioning?

People hear a tone,followed by a puff of air to the eyes,which causes an eyeblink.After a few pairings,people blink their eyes when they hear the tone.What are the tone and the puff of air?

How could you produce extinction of a response established by operant conditioning?

What did B.F.Skinner mean by "shaping"?

After Pavlov classically conditioned salivation to a sound,what procedure produced extinction?

How did Bandura and colleagues get children to vigorously attack a "Bobo" doll?

Your clock makes a clicking sound just before the alarm.Initially that sound didn't waken you,but now it does,due to classical conditioning.What is the unconditioned stimulus?

When a dog hears a bell,it sits up on its hind legs,drools,and receives food.What kind of conditioning is this?

When Thorndike studied cats escaping from puzzle boxes,what result would have suggested to him that the cats gained an understanding of how to open the box?

Behaviorists would at once REJECT which of these statements?

After you produce classical conditioning,you repeatedly present the conditioned stimulus by itself.Which of the following will happen?

B.F.Skinner sought explanations of behavior in terms of what?

What is a conditioned response?

People hear a tone,followed by a puff of air to the eyes,which causes an eyeblink.After a few pairings,people blink their eyes when they hear the tone.What are the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus?

On most days Angela reads for 1 hour,plays outside for 3 hours,and watches TV for 3 hours.Yesterday,however,she read for 3 hours,played outside for 3 hours,and watched TV for 1 hour.According to the disequilibrium principle,what would be the strongest reinforcer for her right now?

Behavior modification is a practical application of what?

When does a male songbird learn what his song is supposed to sound like?

What did Edward Thorndike say was the basis for animal learning?