Exam 13: Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood

In the process of __________ social comparison, children compare themselves to those who are less able, ensuring they will come out on top and preserve an image of themselves as successful.

What are the similarities and differences between children raised by heterosexual parents and those raised by gay and lesbian parents?

Research on the effects of same-sex parenting on children has revealed that children __________.

Danielle, a student with exceptionally high self-esteem, expects to do __________.

Downward social comparisons are most likely to occur when children's __________.

In __________, victims are attacked online or by the spreading of malicious lies.

Mark's parents are highly punitive and controlling. Mark probably has __________.

Now, think about the changes in your child's self-esteem. Similar to self-concept, self-esteem becomes differentiated as well. Have you observed your child describing him-/herself as good at some things but not others? If so, what does this say about his/her cognitive skills? Do you think there is a direct link between cognitive advances and changes in how children view themselves? Explain.

In the United States, __________ percent of all children live in blended families.

One of the biggest challenges for middle school children is their increasing independence, as they move from being totally under the control of their parents to a period of ___________, in which children and parents jointly control behavior.

Which of the following is an effective method for reducing bullying?

In middle childhood, children begin to view themselves less in terms of __________ attributes and more in terms of __________ traits.

What is the nature of group care in the 21st century?

Research has revealed that inflated praise tends to cause children with low self-esteem to __________.

Boys tend to play in ___________, whereas girls tend to play in __________.

Greg has been deliberately excluding some of his peers from social activities. This is an example of __________.

Describe the crisis or conflict that children must resolve in Erikson's industry-versus-inferiority stage.

As noted in your text, the child's self-concept begins to change during the middle years. The child begins to define him-/herself in more abstract, psychological terms and self-concept becomes differentiated. Have you observed this change at home? Ask your child about him-/herself and write down the responses. Do the responses coincide with what your text describes? Explain.

The desire to evaluate one's own behavior, abilities, expertise, and opinions by comparing them to those of others is called __________.

Which of the following is a potential immediate effect of divorce on children?