Exam 15: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

An absence of the hormone ____________________ leads to the formation of keto acids in the body.

Renal regulation of salt is the primary means of achieving salt balance.

Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code. a.Overhydration b.Dehydration c.Both overhydration and dehydration d.Neither overhydration nor dehydration -This occurs as a consequence of diabetes insipidus.

When large amounts of pure water are consumed,

Chemical buffer systems

The secretion of H⁺ by the tubular cells of the kidney is influenced by the gas ____________________.

A ____ exists when total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output.

The main reason ECF volume must be regulated is to maintain proper cell volume.

Extracellular fluid volume depends primarily on the sodium load in the body.

The __________ are most important in compensating for respiratory acidosis.

Water is freely permeable through all cell membranes.

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code. a.Regulation of ECF volume b.Regulation of ECF osmolarity -Depends primarily on H₂O balance

Which chemical buffer system primarily buffers against carbonic acid changes?

Vomiting of gastric contents can lead to

Cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water by osmosis.

Maintaining the carbon dioxide constant while increasing plasma bicarbonate concentration is the way the body compensates for _______________ (respiratory or metabolic?) _____________ (acidosis or alkalosis?).

A pH of 3 is 100 times more acidic as a pH of 5.

Loss of water from the lungs is one example of sensible loss.

Intracellular fluid is divided into two compartments, the plasma fluid and the interstitial fluid.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.Respiratory acidosis b.Respiratory alkalosis c.Metabolic acidosis d.Metabolic alkalosis -Anxiety