Exam 15: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A person who has diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body.This fluid loss results in Na+ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the sequence of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss.Indicate whether each factor listed: a.No change b.Increases c.Decreases -Amount of Na⁺ and H₂O filtered

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.Respiratory acidosis b.Respiratory alkalosis c.Metabolic acidosis d.Metabolic alkalosis -Uremia

The primary reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated is to

The kidneys are the first line of defense against changes in acid-base balance because they are the most powerful mechanism for maintaining pH.

During respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis, breathing becomes slower and shallower.

Which of the following statements concerning HCO₃⁻ excretion by the kidneys is incorrect?

If an individual is overhydrated,

Diabetes insipidus develops in the body from a deficiency of insulin.

Choose the incorrect pairing related to blood pressure control:

Which of the following is associated with acidosis?

Compare and contrast uncompensated and compensated respiratory acidosis.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.Respiratory acidosis b.Respiratory alkalosis c.Metabolic acidosis d.Metabolic alkalosis -Aspirin poisoning

The body normally loses 10 grams of salt daily.

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code. a.Regulation of ECF volume b.Regulation of ECF osmolarity -Primarily important in the long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure

H⁺ generated from CO₂ at the tissue level is

Insensible water loss includes water lost from the lungs during expiration and water lost from the skin during sweating.

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code. a.Regulation of ECF volume b.Regulation of ECF osmolarity -Depends primarily on Na⁺ balance

The dissociation constant (K) for a particular acid is

_______________ acidosis results from the abnormal retention of carbon dioxide.

Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code. a.Overhydration b.Dehydration c.Both overhydration and dehydration d.Neither overhydration nor dehydration -Convulsions and coma may occur.