Exam 15: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Indicate which acid-base abnormality is represented by the [HCO₃⁻]/[CO₂] ratio listed by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.Uncompensated respiratory acidosis b.Uncompensated metabolic acidosis c.Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis d.Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis -20/0.5

The body compensates for metabolic alkalosis by increasing [carbon dioxide] and decreasing [bicarbonate].

In a normal, healthy person, H₂O intake equals H₂O output.

A person who has diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body.This fluid loss results in Na+ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the sequence of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss.Indicate whether each factor listed: a.No change b.Increases c.Decreases -Aldosterone secretion

As H⁺ increases, K⁺ secretion also increases because of the intimate relationship between H⁺ secretion and K⁺ secretion by the kidneys.

Secretion of H⁺ that is excreted is coupled with the addition of reabsorbable water molecules to the plasma, in contrast to secreted H⁺ that is not excreted but is coupled with bicarbonate reabsorption.

Define chemical buffer system and describe specifically how the body's four chemical buffer systems help maintain homeostasis.

The ____________________ are the group of molecules that are the most plentiful buffers in the body.

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of H₂O than an isotonic solution.

Osmotic activity across plasma membranes is closely related to

The dissociation constant for carbonic acid is [H⁺] / [HCO₃⁻][CO₂].

The quantity of any particular substance in the ECF is considered to be a readily available internal ____________________.

The component that constitutes the largest percentage of body weight is

____________________ are too large to pass through the pores in the capillary and enter the interstitial fluid.

All of the following occur during water intoxication except

Urine excretion is the most important ____________________ mechanism for controlling water balance.

A chemical buffer system consists of a pair of substances involved in a reversible reaction, one that can yield free H⁺ and one that can bind with free H⁺.

The main control for salt balance is

The largest percentage of water is located in what "compartment"?

Which is a source of water input?