Exam 15: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The kidney tubular cells secrete NH₃

The most important factor in the long-term regulation of ECF volume is

If the pH of body fluids is 7.3, acidosis is said to exist even though a solution with a pH of 7.30 is chemically considered to be basic.

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO3-] levels in each of the following situations by placing the appropriate letter in the blank preceding the acid-base abnormality. a.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal b.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal c.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] normal d.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [ HCO3-] normal e.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal f.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal g.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal h.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal i.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] normal -Compensated respiratory alkalosis

The amount of Na⁺ excreted depends on the amount of Na⁺ ____________________ minus the amount of Na⁺ ____________________.

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. a.Hemoglobin buffer system b.Phosphate buffer system c.Protein buffer system d.H2CO3:HCO3- buffer system -Primary intracellular buffer

A chemical buffer system is a pair of chemical compounds involved in a reversible reaction, one that can yield free ____________________ and one that can bind free ____________________, which together minimize changes in ____________________ when either an acid or a base is added to or removed from the solution.

Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code. a.Overhydration b.Dehydration c.Both overhydration and dehydration d.Neither overhydration nor dehydration -Increased urinary output occurs as a compensatory mechanism.

The baroreceptor reflexes affect sodium balance by

Which of the following is normally the major source of hydrogen ions in the body?

Buffer systems contain strong acids such as HCl.

Fluid consumption is influenced by other factors in addition to the thirst mechanism involving osmoreceptors.

What is the primary regulatory mechanism to maintain water balance in the body?

Buffer systems are the first line of defense against changes in [H⁺].

A chemical ____________________ is a mixture of two compounds that resist changes in the pH.

A person who has diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body.This fluid loss results in Na+ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the sequence of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss.Indicate whether each factor listed: a.No change b.Increases c.Decreases -Net filtration pressure

The primary electrolyte (ion) in the extracellular fluid is

If the pH of body fluids is 7.3, then alkalosis is present because neutral pH equals 7.0.

Normally the major source of H⁺ in the body is from the formation of sulfuric and phosphoric acid produced during metabolism of dietary proteins that contain sulfate and phosphate groups.

Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code. a.Overhydration b.Dehydration c.Both overhydration and dehydration d.Neither overhydration nor dehydration -ECF becomes hypertonic.