Exam 15: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The total load of ____________________ ions determines the total amount of water that will be retained in the ECF by osmosis.

Diabetes insipidus is

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO3-] levels in each of the following situations by placing the appropriate letter in the blank preceding the acid-base abnormality. a.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal b.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal c.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] normal d.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [ HCO3-] normal e.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal f.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal g.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal h.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal i.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] normal -Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Describe the means by which the body regulates water content.

Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code. a.Overhydration b.Dehydration c.Both overhydration and dehydration d.Neither overhydration nor dehydration -Water enters the cells by osmosis.

A person who has diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body.This fluid loss results in Na+ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the sequence of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss.Indicate whether each factor listed: a.No change b.Increases c.Decreases -Angiotensin I and II production

Regulation of hydrogen ion concentration is important in the maintenance of proper enzyme function.

The only cause of hypotonicity is drinking excess fluid.

Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code. a.Overhydration b.Dehydration c.Both overhydration and dehydration d.Neither overhydration nor dehydration -No fluid shift occurs between the ECF and ICF.

The tissue with the lowest percentage of water is the skeleton.

Select the transcellular fluid that serves as a shock absorber in the joints.

Choose the correct statement:

Indicate which acid-base abnormality is represented by the [HCO₃⁻]/[CO₂] ratio listed by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.Uncompensated respiratory acidosis b.Uncompensated metabolic acidosis c.Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis d.Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis -10/1

The amount of Na⁺ filtered is controlled by regulating the glomerular ____________________.

Water is the most abundant component of the body, making up over 95 percent of the body weight.

'Control of salt balance in humans is accomplished primarily by control of salt intake via a well-developed salt hunger.

Describe how sodium and blood pressure balance are interconnected.Mention the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and ANP in your answer.

Indicate whether the item in question is referring to regulation of ECF volume or regulation of ECF osmolarity by using the following answer code. a.Regulation of ECF volume b.Regulation of ECF osmolarity -Primarily important for preventing fluid shifts between the ECF and ICF

An imbalance in the physical forces, capillary ____________________ pressure and ____________________ pressure, is primarily responsible for producing movement of fluid between the plasma and interstitial fluid.

Identify the pairing that lists two items with the greatest difference in pH: