Exam 15: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Which of the following is not a potential cause of hypertonicity in the body?

____________________ is a change in pH that causes overexcitability of the nervous system.

Osmolarity is a measure of the concentration of the individual solute particles dissolved in a fluid.

Bicarbonate ions that enter the plasma during HCO₃⁻ reabsorption are not the same HCO₃⁻ ions that were filtered.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.Respiratory acidosis b.Respiratory alkalosis c.Metabolic acidosis d.Metabolic alkalosis -Damage to the respiratory center

Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code. a.Overhydration b.Dehydration c.Both overhydration and dehydration d.Neither overhydration nor dehydration -Cells shrink.

Anytime the [HCO₃⁻]/[CO₂] ratio falls below 20/1 indicates an acidosis condition.

When the body becomes dehydrated (H₂O deficit), both urinary output and thirst increase as compensatory measures.

Common symptoms of hypotonicity include dry skin, parched tongue, and sunken eyeballs.

Choose the correct ranking for the body's fluid compartments, from highest to lowest:

When total body input of a particular substance equals its total body output, a(n) ____________________ balance exists.

If the [HCO₃]/[CO₂] ratio is 40/1,

The respiratory system cannot fully compensate for metabolic acidosis because

When the concentration of H⁺ increases above normal, for compensation the response is

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. a.Hemoglobin buffer system b.Phosphate buffer system c.Protein buffer system d.H2CO3:HCO3- buffer system -Important urinary buffer

Indicate which acid-base abnormality is represented by the [HCO₃⁻]/[CO₂] ratio listed by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.Uncompensated respiratory acidosis b.Uncompensated metabolic acidosis c.Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis d.Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis -40/1

A person who has diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body.This fluid loss results in Na+ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the sequence of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss.Indicate whether each factor listed: a.No change b.Increases c.Decreases -GFR

The ECF volume and osmolarity are regulated primarily by the kidneys.

A drop in arterial blood pressure would trigger

Salt balance in humans