Exam 15: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Bicarbonate ions can combine with free H⁺, removing a source of acidity and opposing acidosis.

If the ECF is _________________ to a cell, the cell will lose water; whereas, if the ECF is _______________ to a cell, the cell will gain water.

An increased secretion of H⁺ ions in the kidney has the greatest direct effect on the tubular secretion of ____ ions.

A person who has diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body.This fluid loss results in Na+ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the sequence of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss.Indicate whether each factor listed: a.No change b.Increases c.Decreases -Urinary volume

Ingesting more salt would

A person who has diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body.This fluid loss results in Na+ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the sequence of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss.Indicate whether each factor listed: a.No change b.Increases c.Decreases -Thirst

The major source of H⁺ in the body fluids is the carbonic acid generated from metabolic production of CO₂.

The respiratory system can compensate completely for metabolic acidosis.

Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code. a.Overhydration b.Dehydration c.Both overhydration and dehydration d.Neither overhydration nor dehydration -This occurs as a consequence of excessive fluid intake.

Sodium is directly or indirectly controlled through all these mechanisms except

Respiratory alkalosis occurs as a consequence of hyperventilation, because CO₂ is blown off more quickly than it is produced, decreasing the amount of carbonic acid in the body fluids.

Fluid-shifts are controlled by the kidneys and help to maintain optimum blood pressure.

The amount of Na⁺ reabsorbed is regulated primarily by the ____________________ system.

Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code. a.Overhydration b.Dehydration c.Both overhydration and dehydration d.Neither overhydration nor dehydration -Cells become swollen.

Which statement is incorrect?

Type A intercalated cells in the kidneys secrete bicarbonate ions, reabsorb hydrogen ions, and secrete potassium ions.

Indicate which acid-base abnormality is represented by the [HCO₃⁻]/[CO₂] ratio listed by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.Uncompensated respiratory acidosis b.Uncompensated metabolic acidosis c.Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis d.Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis -20/2

Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code. a.Overhydration b.Dehydration c.Both overhydration and dehydration d.Neither overhydration nor dehydration -Osmolarity of the body fluids is decreased.

Which statement is incorrect about a chemical buffer?

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO3-] levels in each of the following situations by placing the appropriate letter in the blank preceding the acid-base abnormality. a.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal b.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal c.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] normal d.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [ HCO3-] normal e.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal f.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal g.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal h.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal i.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] normal -Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis