Exam 15: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The principal ECF cation is ____________________, which is accompanied primarily by the anion ____________________ and to a lesser extent ____________________.

The hypothalamus controls both thirst and vasopressin secretion.

Which statement is correct?

The major intracellular anions are _________________ ions and the negatively charged ___________ trapped within the cell.

Hypertonic solutions will cause cells to shrink if the pH is below 7.35, but they can cause the cell to swell when the pH is above 7.45.

Which statement about hypotonicity of the body fluids is incorrect?

____________________ is the acid found in the stomach.

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO3-] levels in each of the following situations by placing the appropriate letter in the blank preceding the acid-base abnormality. a.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal b.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal c.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] normal d.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [ HCO3-] normal e.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal f.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal g.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal h.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal i.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] normal -Compensated respiratory acidosis

Basic phosphate is secreted by the kidney tubular cells to buffer hydrogen ion when the tubular fluid becomes too acidic.

The ion in greatest concentration within the cytoplasm is

H⁺ secretion is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption.

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. a.Hemoglobin buffer system b.Phosphate buffer system c.Protein buffer system d.H2CO3:HCO3- buffer system -Primary ECF buffer for noncarbonic acids

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.Respiratory acidosis b.Respiratory alkalosis c.Metabolic acidosis d.Metabolic alkalosis -Excessive ingestion of alkaline drugs such as NaHCO₃

Which of the following symptoms is not associated with alkalosis?

Alkalosis occurs when the pH of the blood is above ____________________.

____________________ are a group of hydrogen-containing substances that dissociate in solution to liberate free H⁺ and anions.

The amount of free H₂O reabsorbed in the kidneys is regulated primarily by the hormone ____________________.

Variation in percent body water among individuals is primarily due to differences in

Select the incorrect statement about acids.

Vasopressin is normally secreted when a deficit of water develops in the body.