Exam 15: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

When peripheral chemoreceptors detect a(n) __________ (decrease or increase?) in plasma H+, they stimulate the respiratory center to __________ (increase or decrease?) the breathing rate.

H⁺ generated at the tissue level from CO₂ is buffered in transit between the tissues and the lungs primarily by

The filtration rate of H⁺ equals plasma [H⁺] times the ____________________.

The thirst mechanism is invoked when

Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code. a.Overhydration b.Dehydration c.Both overhydration and dehydration d.Neither overhydration nor dehydration -Occurs with heavy vomiting.

Diabetes insipidus often leads to hypertonicity of the body fluids.

Metabolic water is

A patient with lung congestion would

Insensible water loss includes loss

When [H⁺] decreases, the kidneys excrete less HCO₃⁻ into the urine.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.Respiratory acidosis b.Respiratory alkalosis c.Metabolic acidosis d.Metabolic alkalosis -Fever

Acidosis changes the rate and depth of breathing by ____________________ it.

The force responsible for movement of H₂O between the ECF and ICF is differences in ____________________ pressure.

A pH of less than 6.8 or greater than 8.0 is not compatible with human life.

Use this figure to answer the corresponding questions. -This figure depicts the process a.of bicarbonate secretion in the kidneys b.that helps raise the blood's pH c.that is the kidney's response to alkalosis d.of H+ reabsorption in the kidneys e.not shown in the above choices

Cells ____________________ when immersed in a solution contain a higher osmolarity than the cytoplasm.

A(n) ____________________ is a substance that combines with H⁺ and removes them from solution.

Match buffer system with correct characteristic. a.Hemoglobin buffer system b.Phosphate buffer system c.Protein buffer system d.H2CO3:HCO3- buffer system -Buffers H⁺ generated from carbonic acid

Respiratory ____________ has a [HCO₃⁻]/[CO₂] ratio below 20/1 arising from an increase in [CO₂].

A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water than a hypertonic solution.