Exam 15: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The two important urinary buffers are filtered phosphate buffers and secreted ____________________.

Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code. a.Overhydration b.Dehydration c.Both overhydration and dehydration d.Neither overhydration nor dehydration -This occurs as a consequence of excessive vasopressin secretion.

Respiratory alkalosis can result from a(n) ___________ (increase or decrease?) in plasma CO₂, which in turn is brought about by ______ (hypo or hyper?)ventilation.

A person who has diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body.This fluid loss results in Na+ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the sequence of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss.Indicate whether each factor listed: a.No change b.Increases c.Decreases -Amount of H₂O excreted

If the tubular filtrate becomes too acidic, which of the following is secreted by the tubular epithelial cells to buffer the secreted H⁺?

pH is

Indicate the [CO₂] and [HCO3-] levels in each of the following situations by placing the appropriate letter in the blank preceding the acid-base abnormality. a.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal b.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal c.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] normal d.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [ HCO3-] normal e.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal f.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal g.[CO₂] decreased below normal, [HCO3-] increased above normal h.[CO₂] increased above normal, [HCO3-] decreased below normal i.[CO₂] normal, [HCO3-] normal -Compensated metabolic alkalosis

Which of the following conditions would be a cause of metabolic acidosis?

Type B intercalated cells in the kidneys secrete bicarbonate ions, reabsorb hydrogen ions, and secrete potassium ions.

A strong acid dissociates to form ____________________ ions in solution, which influence the pH.

A person who has diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body.This fluid loss results in Na+ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the sequence of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss.Indicate whether each factor listed: a.No change b.Increases c.Decreases -Glomerular capillary blood pressure

Which of the following are compensatory measures for a fall in arterial blood pressure?

Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code. a.Overhydration b.Dehydration c.Both overhydration and dehydration d.Neither overhydration nor dehydration -Occurs with water deprivation.

The phosphate buffer system serves as an important urinary buffer.

Which statement is incorrect?

The unequal distribution of sodium and potassium between the ICF and ECF result from

The kidneys secrete additional H⁺ and conserve HCO₃⁻ to compensate for increased H⁺ concentration in the body fluids.

Often patients experiencing sympathetically induced hyperventilation are told to breathe into a paper bag.Why?

Injecting isotonic fluid into the ECF causes the volume of the ECF to ____________________.

Which statement is correct?