Exam 15: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Given the following information, what is the pH? Ratio of [HCO₃]/[CO₂] = 20/0.5 PK = 6.1 Log of 10 = 1.0 Log of 20 = 1.3 Log of 40 = 1.6

Identify the item that has a pH farther away from that in a human cell:

The main reason that extracellular fluid volume must be closely regulated is to prevent fluid shifts from occurring between the ICF and ECF.

Hypertonicity in the ECF is sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.

Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code. a.Overhydration b.Dehydration c.Both overhydration and dehydration d.Neither overhydration nor dehydration -Symptoms include dry skin, parched tongue, and sunken eyeballs.

Each intracellular protein exerts more osmotic effect than each intracellular phosphate ion because the proteins are larger.

When water is lost from the ECF but electrolytes are retained,

The tissue in the body containing the lowest percentage of water is

Normal blood pH

A person who has diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body.This fluid loss results in Na+ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the sequence of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss.Indicate whether each factor listed: a.No change b.Increases c.Decreases -Sympathetic activity to the afferent arterioles of the nephrons

Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code. a.Overhydration b.Dehydration c.Both overhydration and dehydration d.Neither overhydration nor dehydration -Vasopressin secretion is stimulated as a compensatory mechanism.

The pH of arterial blood is lower than the pH of venous blood.

Alkalosis usually leads to unconsciousness and coma.

Indicate which fluid imbalance is being described by writing the appropriate letter in the blank using the following answer code. a.Overhydration b.Dehydration c.Both overhydration and dehydration d.Neither overhydration nor dehydration -ECF becomes hypotonic.

The major intracellular cation is ________________, and the major extracellular cation is ______________.

The barrier between the plasma and interstitial fluid is the ____________________.

Identify the correct statement(s):

Metabolic ____________ has a [HCO₃⁻]/[CO₂] ratio greater than 20/1 arising from an increase in [HCO₃⁻].

Select the primary buffer system in the ECF.

Holding one's breath for a significant period would cause the ________/________ ratio to ______________ (rise above or drop below?) 20/1.