Question 1

Compare and contrast the location and activities of periplasm-binding proteins of ABC transport systems in gram-negative and gram-positive Bacteria.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary,but the main differenc

Question 2

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes,which supports the endosymbiosis hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Based on the table of attributes given below,which of the following statements are FALSE about the two organisms? Characteristic Bacterium A Bacterium B
Endospore formation yes no
Capsule no yes
Type IV pili yes no
Flagella no no
Morphology bacillus bacillus

Accepted Answer

A) Bacterium A is more resistant to heat and ultraviolet light. 
B) Bacterium B likely forms a slime layer better than Bacterium A. 
C) Bacterium B is likely to exhibit motility. 
D) Both bacteria may attach to surfaces. 
A) Bacterium A is more resistant to heat and ultraviolet light. 
B) Bacterium B likely forms a slime layer better than Bacterium A. 
C) Bacterium B is likely to exhibit motility. 
D) Both bacteria may attach to surfaces.

Question 4

Where within a eukaryotic cell is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)synthesized?

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm 
B) lysosome 
C) mitochondrion 
D) nucleolus 
A) cytoplasm 
B) lysosome 
C) mitochondrion 
D) nucleolus

Question 5

What is the biological function of endospores?

Accepted Answer

A) They are bacterial reproductive structures. 
B) They enable organisms to endure extremes of temperature,drying,and nutrient depletion. 
C) They transport toxins. 
D) Endospores can serve as reproductive structures,enable survival in harsh environments,and transport toxins. 
A) They are bacterial reproductive structures. 
B) They enable organisms to endure extremes of temperature,drying,and nutrient depletion. 
C) They transport toxins. 
D) Endospores can serve as reproductive structures,enable survival in harsh environments,and transport toxins.

Question 6

Hydrolytic enzymes function in the

Accepted Answer

A) initial degradation of nutrients. 
B) transport of substrates within the cell. 
C) chemotactic response,particularly in gram-negative Bacteria. 
D) regeneration of the periplasm. 
A) initial degradation of nutrients. 
B) transport of substrates within the cell. 
C) chemotactic response,particularly in gram-negative Bacteria. 
D) regeneration of the periplasm.

Question 7

________ are charged molecules that are partially responsible for the ________ charge of the gram-positive bacterial cell surface.

Accepted Answer

A) Diaminopimelic acids / positive 
B) Teichoic acids / negative 
C) Phospholipids / negative 
D) Peptide interbridges / neutral 
A) Diaminopimelic acids / positive 
B) Teichoic acids / negative 
C) Phospholipids / negative 
D) Peptide interbridges / neutral

Question 8

Cellular inclusions in prokaryotic cells serve to

Accepted Answer

A) store energy rich compounds. 
B) protect DNA. 
C) position cells in the appropriate environment for survival. 
D) store energy rich compounds and position cells in the appropriate environment for survival. 
A) store energy rich compounds. 
B) protect DNA. 
C) position cells in the appropriate environment for survival. 
D) store energy rich compounds and position cells in the appropriate environment for survival.

Question 9

In gram-positive Bacteria,the cell walls are composed mainly of thick ________ layers.

Accepted Answer

A) protein 
B) poly-β-hydroxybutryic acid (PH
B)  
C) lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 
D) peptidoglycan 
A) protein 
B) poly-β-hydroxybutryic acid (PH
B)  
C) lipopolysaccharides (LPS) 
D) peptidoglycan

Question 10

The energy source derived from the charge separation across the cytoplasmic membrane is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) the proton motive force. 
B) carbohydrate charging. 
C) adenosine triphosphate. 
D) the voltage source. 
A) the proton motive force. 
B) carbohydrate charging. 
C) adenosine triphosphate. 
D) the voltage source.

Question 11

In general,lipids in archaeal cytoplasmic membranes lack true fatty acids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Pathogenic bacteria that contain S-layers are protected against host defense mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In general,most cell inclusions function as energy reserves or as a reservoir of structural building blocks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Lysozyme is an enzyme that can ultimately lyse and kill eukaryotic cells by breaking β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in peptidoglycan.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Photoreceptors are analogous to chemoreceptors in that they are both proteinaceous sensors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Carrier-mediated transport is necessary when

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion will not allow adequate amounts of a substance to enter the cell. 
B) movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient. 
C) the level of nutrients in nature is very low. 
D) nutrient concentration is very low in the environment,is higher inside of the cell,or diffusion is not possible. 
A) diffusion will not allow adequate amounts of a substance to enter the cell. 
B) movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient. 
C) the level of nutrients in nature is very low. 
D) nutrient concentration is very low in the environment,is higher inside of the cell,or diffusion is not possible.

Question 17

The lipids in the cytoplasmic membrane of Bacteria and ________ contain ester linkages,while the cytoplasmic membrane of ________ contain ether linkages.

Accepted Answer

A) Archaea / Eukarya 
B) Archaea / fungi 
C) Eukarya / prokaryotes 
D) Eukarya / Archaea 
A) Archaea / Eukarya 
B) Archaea / fungi 
C) Eukarya / prokaryotes 
D) Eukarya / Archaea

Question 18

One of the many types of proteins found in the cytoplasmic membrane is involved in the chemotactic response and is called a

Accepted Answer

A) hydrolytic enzyme. 
B) chemoreceptor. 
C) binding protein. 
D) porin. 
A) hydrolytic enzyme. 
B) chemoreceptor. 
C) binding protein. 
D) porin.

Question 19

Explain why prokaryotes tend to survive and adapt more rapidly to extreme and dynamic environmental conditions than eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary,but should reflect an

Question 20

The membrane of a gas vesicle is composed of

Accepted Answer

A) various phospholipids. 
B) proteins. 
C) carbohydrates. 
D) both glycoproteins and phospholipids. 
A) various phospholipids. 
B) proteins. 
C) carbohydrates. 
D) both glycoproteins and phospholipids.

Exam 2: Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Compare and contrast the location and activities of periplasm-binding proteins of ABC transport systems in gram-negative and gram-positive Bacteria.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and ribosomes,which supports the endosymbiosis hypothesis.

Based on the table of attributes given below,which of the following statements are FALSE about the two organisms? Characteristic Bacterium A Bacterium B Endospore formation yes no Capsule no yes Type IV pili yes no Flagella no no Morphology bacillus bacillus

Where within a eukaryotic cell is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)synthesized?

What is the biological function of endospores?

Hydrolytic enzymes function in the

________ are charged molecules that are partially responsible for the ________ charge of the gram-positive bacterial cell surface.

Cellular inclusions in prokaryotic cells serve to

In gram-positive Bacteria,the cell walls are composed mainly of thick ________ layers.

The energy source derived from the charge separation across the cytoplasmic membrane is referred to as

In general,lipids in archaeal cytoplasmic membranes lack true fatty acids.

Pathogenic bacteria that contain S-layers are protected against host defense mechanisms.

In general,most cell inclusions function as energy reserves or as a reservoir of structural building blocks.

Lysozyme is an enzyme that can ultimately lyse and kill eukaryotic cells by breaking β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in peptidoglycan.

Photoreceptors are analogous to chemoreceptors in that they are both proteinaceous sensors.

Carrier-mediated transport is necessary when

The lipids in the cytoplasmic membrane of Bacteria and ________ contain ester linkages,while the cytoplasmic membrane of ________ contain ether linkages.

One of the many types of proteins found in the cytoplasmic membrane is involved in the chemotactic response and is called a

Explain why prokaryotes tend to survive and adapt more rapidly to extreme and dynamic environmental conditions than eukaryotes.

The membrane of a gas vesicle is composed of

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

Filters

are charged molecules that are partially responsible for the charge of the gram-positive bacterial cell surface.

The lipids in the cytoplasmic membrane of Bacteria and contain ester linkages,while the cytoplasmic membrane of contain ether linkages.