Question 1

Due to the number of phosphate groups,ATP has approximately three times more energy stored than AMP,and ADP has approximately two-thirds the energy stored of ATP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The class of macromolecules in microorganisms that contributes MOST to biomass is

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrates. 
B) DNA. 
C) lipids. 
D) proteins. 
A) carbohydrates. 
B) DNA. 
C) lipids. 
D) proteins.

Question 3

Which of the following is a common energy storage polymer in microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

A) acetyl~S-CoA 
B) glycogen 
C) adenosine triphosphate 
D) H₂ 
A) acetyl~S-CoA 
B) glycogen 
C) adenosine triphosphate 
D) H₂

Question 4

Explain the biosynthetic and bioenergetic roles of the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

Some of the molecules generated during t

Question 5

When culturing a chemoorganoheterophic bacterium,what outcome is LEAST likely to occur if ammonia and phosphate are provided at equal concentrations?

Accepted Answer

A) Cells require much less P to grow than N,so extra P will be used for ATP synthesis and result in a faster growth rate. 
B) Cells will never consume all of the phosphate,because N is needed in higher quantities than P. 
C) The final biomass of cells will be no different than if only 50% of the phosphate was provided. 
D) The bacteria will import all of the ammonia to use for biosynthetic pathways. 
A) Cells require much less P to grow than N,so extra P will be used for ATP synthesis and result in a faster growth rate. 
B) Cells will never consume all of the phosphate,because N is needed in higher quantities than P. 
C) The final biomass of cells will be no different than if only 50% of the phosphate was provided. 
D) The bacteria will import all of the ammonia to use for biosynthetic pathways.

Question 6

To ensure growth of a newly discovered bacterium with unknown nutritional requirements,it would be best to begin with a ________ medium rather than a ________ medium.

Accepted Answer

A) complex / minimal 
B) minimal / complex 
C) selective / complex 
D) selective / differential 
A) complex / minimal 
B) minimal / complex 
C) selective / complex 
D) selective / differential

Question 7

If a substance is reduced,it gains electrons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Aseptic technique refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the microbial inoculum placed into a test tube or onto a Petri plate. 
B) a series of practices to avoid contamination. 
C) the autoclave and other sterilizing procedures. 
D) cleanliness in the laboratory. 
A) the microbial inoculum placed into a test tube or onto a Petri plate. 
B) a series of practices to avoid contamination. 
C) the autoclave and other sterilizing procedures. 
D) cleanliness in the laboratory.

Question 9

In an aquatic microbial community where a photoautotroph,chemoorganoheterotroph,and nitrogen fixing bacterium are present,predict an environmental perturbation that would cause only one to be outcompeted by the other two groups and explain how each group would respond.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary but should highlight a

Question 10

Depending on the particular metabolism of a bacterium,electron transport can be used to energize and rotate ATP synthase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Most of the carbon in amino acid biosynthesis comes from

Accepted Answer

A) citric acid cycle intermediates. 
B) citric acid cycle intermediates and glycolysis products. 
C) glycolysis products. 
D) glycolysis intermediates and products. 
A) citric acid cycle intermediates. 
B) citric acid cycle intermediates and glycolysis products. 
C) glycolysis products. 
D) glycolysis intermediates and products.

Question 12

Fermentation has a relatively low ATP yield compared to aerobic respiration because

Accepted Answer

A) more reducing equivalents are used for anaerobic catabolism. 
B) less ATP is consumed during the first stage of aerobic catabolism. 
C) oxidative phosphorylation yields a lot of ATP. 
D) substrate-level phosphorylation yields a lot of ATP. 
A) more reducing equivalents are used for anaerobic catabolism. 
B) less ATP is consumed during the first stage of aerobic catabolism. 
C) oxidative phosphorylation yields a lot of ATP. 
D) substrate-level phosphorylation yields a lot of ATP.

Question 13

How does the proton motive force lead to production of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A) ATPase requires one proton to make one ATP. 
B) Protons must be pumped against a concentration gradient from outside of the cell into the cell to rotate the F₀ subunit of ATPase for the F₁ subunit to make ATP. 
C) Oxidative phosphorylation of ADP by ATP synthase requires protons as cofactors in the reaction. 
D) Translocation of three to four protons drives the F₀ component of ATPase which in turn phosphorylates one ADP into ATP. 
A) ATPase requires one proton to make one ATP. 
B) Protons must be pumped against a concentration gradient from outside of the cell into the cell to rotate the F₀ subunit of ATPase for the F₁ subunit to make ATP. 
C) Oxidative phosphorylation of ADP by ATP synthase requires protons as cofactors in the reaction. 
D) Translocation of three to four protons drives the F₀ component of ATPase which in turn phosphorylates one ADP into ATP.

Question 14

With respect to nitrogen utilization,relatively few bacteria can use NH₃ whereas many more can make use of N₂.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Regeneration of oxaloacetate is essential for the citric acid cycle to be cyclical.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Heme prosthetic groups are involved in electron transfer with quinones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Five-carbon sugars are used in the

Accepted Answer

A) biosynthesis of DNA and RNA. 
B) catabolic pentose phosphate pathway for carbon and energy. 
C) biosynthesis of DNA and RNA as well as catabolic pentose phosphate pathway. 
D) activation of pentoses to form glycogen for energy storage. 
A) biosynthesis of DNA and RNA. 
B) catabolic pentose phosphate pathway for carbon and energy. 
C) biosynthesis of DNA and RNA as well as catabolic pentose phosphate pathway. 
D) activation of pentoses to form glycogen for energy storage.

Question 18

Catabolic pathways are essential for microorganisms to obtain energy,because biosynthetic reactions for cellular growth generally require energy input.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which two metabolic processes are MOST dissimilar?

Accepted Answer

A) citric acid cycle and glycolysis 
B) glycolysis and gluconeogenesis 
C) proton motive force and substrate-level phosphorylation 
D) pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis 
A) citric acid cycle and glycolysis 
B) glycolysis and gluconeogenesis 
C) proton motive force and substrate-level phosphorylation 
D) pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis

Question 20

In a given chemical reaction,if the free energy of formation is known for all of the reactants and each of the products,the change in free energy can be calculated for the reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Microbial Metabolism

Due to the number of phosphate groups,ATP has approximately three times more energy stored than AMP,and ADP has approximately two-thirds the energy stored of ATP.

The class of macromolecules in microorganisms that contributes MOST to biomass is

Which of the following is a common energy storage polymer in microorganisms?

Explain the biosynthetic and bioenergetic roles of the citric acid cycle.

When culturing a chemoorganoheterophic bacterium,what outcome is LEAST likely to occur if ammonia and phosphate are provided at equal concentrations?

To ensure growth of a newly discovered bacterium with unknown nutritional requirements,it would be best to begin with a ________ medium rather than a ________ medium.

If a substance is reduced,it gains electrons.

Aseptic technique refers to

In an aquatic microbial community where a photoautotroph,chemoorganoheterotroph,and nitrogen fixing bacterium are present,predict an environmental perturbation that would cause only one to be outcompeted by the other two groups and explain how each group would respond.

Depending on the particular metabolism of a bacterium,electron transport can be used to energize and rotate ATP synthase.

Most of the carbon in amino acid biosynthesis comes from

Fermentation has a relatively low ATP yield compared to aerobic respiration because

How does the proton motive force lead to production of ATP?

With respect to nitrogen utilization,relatively few bacteria can use NH₃ whereas many more can make use of N₂.

Regeneration of oxaloacetate is essential for the citric acid cycle to be cyclical.

Heme prosthetic groups are involved in electron transfer with quinones.

Five-carbon sugars are used in the

Catabolic pathways are essential for microorganisms to obtain energy,because biosynthetic reactions for cellular growth generally require energy input.

Which two metabolic processes are MOST dissimilar?

In a given chemical reaction,if the free energy of formation is known for all of the reactants and each of the products,the change in free energy can be calculated for the reaction.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

Filters

To ensure growth of a newly discovered bacterium with unknown nutritional requirements,it would be best to begin with a medium rather than a medium.