Question 1

Tailed bacterial viruses can be used as genetic engineering tools.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The term "phage" is generally reserved for the viruses that infect

Accepted Answer

A) animals. 
B) plants. 
C) bacteria. 
D) multiple species. 
A) animals. 
B) plants. 
C) bacteria. 
D) multiple species.

Question 3

The T4 phage protects its DNA from host restriction endonucleases by

Accepted Answer

A) glucosylating cytosine bases in the T4 genome to prevent DNA cleavage. 
B) methylating all four bases (A,T,C, 
C) integrating the viral genome into the host genome where it will not be degraded. 
D) circularizing the viral genome so that it will not be degraded. 
E) in the T4 genome to prevent DNA cleavage. 
A) glucosylating cytosine bases in the T4 genome to prevent DNA cleavage. 
B) methylating all four bases (A,T,C, 
C) integrating the viral genome into the host genome where it will not be degraded. 
D) circularizing the viral genome so that it will not be degraded. 
E) in the T4 genome to prevent DNA cleavage.

Question 4

When packaged in the virion,the complete complex of nucleic acid and protein is known as the virus

Accepted Answer

A) capsid. 
B) concatemer. 
C) nucleocapsid. 
D) envelope. 
A) capsid. 
B) concatemer. 
C) nucleocapsid. 
D) envelope.

Question 5

Viral proteins are categorized as early,middle,and late.Early proteins typically are necessary for

Accepted Answer

A) production of viral mRNA. 
B) packaging of DNA into the nucleocapsid. 
C) copying the viral genome. 
D) production of viral mRNA and copying the viral genome. 
A) production of viral mRNA. 
B) packaging of DNA into the nucleocapsid. 
C) copying the viral genome. 
D) production of viral mRNA and copying the viral genome.

Question 6

A prophage replicates

Accepted Answer

A) along with its host while the lytic genes are expressed. 
B) along with its host while the lytic genes are not expressed. 
C) independently of its host while the lytic genes are expressed. 
D) independently of its host while the lytic genes are not expressed. 
A) along with its host while the lytic genes are expressed. 
B) along with its host while the lytic genes are not expressed. 
C) independently of its host while the lytic genes are expressed. 
D) independently of its host while the lytic genes are not expressed.

Question 7

The concentration of infectious plaque forming units (pfu)per volume of fluid is known as the

Accepted Answer

A) infectivity. 
B) virulence. 
C) titer. 
D) fluid infectivity. 
A) infectivity. 
B) virulence. 
C) titer. 
D) fluid infectivity.

Question 8

The discovery of retroviruses changed our understanding of

Accepted Answer

A) gene structure and organization. 
B) the flow of genetic information. 
C) protein synthesis. 
D) infectious particles. 
A) gene structure and organization. 
B) the flow of genetic information. 
C) protein synthesis. 
D) infectious particles.

Question 9

Penetration requires that the entire virus is inserted within the host.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In a natural population of diverse slow-growing prokaryotic cells,what type of viruses would you expect to be most common?

Accepted Answer

A) lytic bacteriophages 
B) enveloped viruses 
C) icosahedral viruses 
D) temperate bacteriophages 
A) lytic bacteriophages 
B) enveloped viruses 
C) icosahedral viruses 
D) temperate bacteriophages

Question 11

The use of ________ is the easiest and most effective way of studying many animal and plant viruses.

Accepted Answer

A) bacterial cultures 
B) tissue or cell culture 
C) live hosts 
D) prophages 
A) bacterial cultures 
B) tissue or cell culture 
C) live hosts 
D) prophages

Question 12

Rolling circle replication of the lambda genome differs from replication of a bacterial chromosome in that

Accepted Answer

A) bidirectional replication forks are not formed. 
B) only a single strand of the genome is copied. 
C) no concatamers are formed. 
D) only a single strand of the genome is copied and no concatamers are formed. 
A) bidirectional replication forks are not formed. 
B) only a single strand of the genome is copied. 
C) no concatamers are formed. 
D) only a single strand of the genome is copied and no concatamers are formed.

Question 13

Ocean and lake water typically contain 10⁷ virions/mL.Does this mean that swimming in or drinking this water will make you sick? Why or why not? How do these viruses impact human and environmental health?

Accepted Answer

Although there are many virions per mL o

Question 14

The virus repressor protein provides immunity to infection by the same type of virus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

When solutions of host cells and infectious virions are mixed and spread on an agar plate,________ form where viruses lyse the host cells.

Accepted Answer

A) insertion sequences 
B) plaques 
C) prophages 
D) colonies 
A) insertion sequences 
B) plaques 
C) prophages 
D) colonies

Question 16

Predict the properties of viral populations in the human colon given that the colon contains a very high concentration of rapidly dividing bacteria.Predict as many viral properties as you can with this information.

Accepted Answer

Viral populations in the human colon are

Question 17

Propose a unique target for a drug that would inhibit replication of retroviruses in humans.

Accepted Answer

Students could choose to discuss proteas

Question 18

Which of the following samples would contain the MOST genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

A) viral metagenomes from the ocean 
B) bacterial metagenomes from the ocean 
C) microbial eukaryotic metagenomes from the ocean 
D) viral metagenomes from human red blood cells 
A) viral metagenomes from the ocean 
B) bacterial metagenomes from the ocean 
C) microbial eukaryotic metagenomes from the ocean 
D) viral metagenomes from human red blood cells

Question 19

T4 and other bacteriophages commonly use a method of DNA replication and packaging called "headful packaging." Explain how viral genomes are replicated and packaged in this process and hypothesize how headful packaging might affect evolution of BOTH the bacteriophages and their prokaryotic hosts.

Accepted Answer

A linear concatemer is first formed afte

Question 20

Lysogeny is unique to bacteriophages; similar relationships have not been found among the animal viruses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Viruses and Virology

Tailed bacterial viruses can be used as genetic engineering tools.

The term "phage" is generally reserved for the viruses that infect

The T4 phage protects its DNA from host restriction endonucleases by

When packaged in the virion,the complete complex of nucleic acid and protein is known as the virus

Viral proteins are categorized as early,middle,and late.Early proteins typically are necessary for

A prophage replicates

The concentration of infectious plaque forming units (pfu)per volume of fluid is known as the

The discovery of retroviruses changed our understanding of

Penetration requires that the entire virus is inserted within the host.

In a natural population of diverse slow-growing prokaryotic cells,what type of viruses would you expect to be most common?

The use of ________ is the easiest and most effective way of studying many animal and plant viruses.

Rolling circle replication of the lambda genome differs from replication of a bacterial chromosome in that

Ocean and lake water typically contain 10⁷ virions/mL.Does this mean that swimming in or drinking this water will make you sick? Why or why not? How do these viruses impact human and environmental health?

The virus repressor protein provides immunity to infection by the same type of virus.

When solutions of host cells and infectious virions are mixed and spread on an agar plate,________ form where viruses lyse the host cells.

Predict the properties of viral populations in the human colon given that the colon contains a very high concentration of rapidly dividing bacteria.Predict as many viral properties as you can with this information.

Propose a unique target for a drug that would inhibit replication of retroviruses in humans.

Which of the following samples would contain the MOST genetic diversity?

T4 and other bacteriophages commonly use a method of DNA replication and packaging called "headful packaging." Explain how viral genomes are replicated and packaged in this process and hypothesize how headful packaging might affect evolution of BOTH the bacteriophages and their prokaryotic hosts.

Lysogeny is unique to bacteriophages; similar relationships have not been found among the animal viruses.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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