Question 1

A bacterium that uses CO₂ as an electron source but CANNOT use it as a carbon source is considered a mixotroph.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Phototrophic purple bacteria such as Rhodobacter species grow ONLY by photosynthesis,using bacteriochlorophylls to harvest light.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The light-harvesting pigments in Bacteria are classified as bacteriochlorophylls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

When elemental sulfur is provided externally as an electron donor,the organism must attach itself to the sulfur particle because of the extreme insolubility of elemental sulfur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A researcher lacked the necessary equipment to measure methane production so instead monitored CO₂ concentration as the unknown archaeon grew and produced methane.Why might CO₂ NOT decrease but methane still increase?

Accepted Answer

A) An alternative carbon source such as methanol was used. 
B) CO₂ is not a carbon source used by methanogens. 
C) CO₂ was used an electron donor but not as a carbon substrate. 
D) Methanogenic Archaea containing carboxysomes likely made measuring small losses of CO₂ difficult to conclude. 
A) An alternative carbon source such as methanol was used. 
B) CO₂ is not a carbon source used by methanogens. 
C) CO₂ was used an electron donor but not as a carbon substrate. 
D) Methanogenic Archaea containing carboxysomes likely made measuring small losses of CO₂ difficult to conclude.

Question 6

Which metabolic strategy's existence suggests rapid growth is NOT always the best strategy to survive in the environment?

Accepted Answer

A) anaerobic fermentation 
B) disproportionation 
C) methylotrophy 
D) syntrophy 
A) anaerobic fermentation 
B) disproportionation 
C) methylotrophy 
D) syntrophy

Question 7

Bacteria that are capable of oxidizing both iron and sulfur usually have a strong preference for sulfur oxidation because it yields more energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Propose why it would be advantageous for a photosynthetic microorganism to have more than one type of chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll.

Accepted Answer

Each type of chlorophyll or ba

Question 9

Organisms grown with CO₂ as its sole carbon source must have energy in the form of ATP as well as reducing power.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The acetyl-CoA pathway is a primary route for carbon source utilization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Bacteria that degrade aromatic compounds with reductions steps rather than oxygenase activity prior to ring fission are likely to be anaerobes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What will happen to a cyanobacterium that has its photosystem II (PSII)blocked?

Accepted Answer

A) Additional electron acceptors,such as NADP⁺,will be required to oxidize oxygen and overcome the lost PSII process. 
B) Anoxygenic photosynthesis only using photosystem I (PSI)could occur by using cyclic photophosphorylation and an alternative electron donor such as H₂S. 
C) It will die from being unable to obtain energy for photosynthesis. 
D) Photons will generate excessive reactive oxygen species and the cyanobacterium will die as a consequence. 
A) Additional electron acceptors,such as NADP⁺,will be required to oxidize oxygen and overcome the lost PSII process. 
B) Anoxygenic photosynthesis only using photosystem I (PSI)could occur by using cyclic photophosphorylation and an alternative electron donor such as H₂S. 
C) It will die from being unable to obtain energy for photosynthesis. 
D) Photons will generate excessive reactive oxygen species and the cyanobacterium will die as a consequence.

Question 13

A bacterium that catabolizes a compound by linking ion pumps to establish a proton or sodium motive force for energy

Accepted Answer

A) can circumvent substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation. 
B) makes insufficient energy to grow but enough for cellular maintenance to survive. 
C) requires a second bacterium to cooperatively drive the gradient. 
D) still requires another carbon substrate to provide a carbon source. 
A) can circumvent substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation. 
B) makes insufficient energy to grow but enough for cellular maintenance to survive. 
C) requires a second bacterium to cooperatively drive the gradient. 
D) still requires another carbon substrate to provide a carbon source.

Question 14

The Calvin cycle provides autotrophs the ability to convert inorganic carbon into biomass and generate energy during this process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Identifying carboxysomes in a bacterium suggests it

Accepted Answer

A) contains the reverse citric acid cycle. 
B) has a deficient Calvin cycle and accumulated CO₂. 
C) is in a carboxylic acid rich environment and is storing excess quantities for potentially harsh conditions. 
D) will use the Calvin cycle convert the concentrated CO₂ into biomass. 
A) contains the reverse citric acid cycle. 
B) has a deficient Calvin cycle and accumulated CO₂. 
C) is in a carboxylic acid rich environment and is storing excess quantities for potentially harsh conditions. 
D) will use the Calvin cycle convert the concentrated CO₂ into biomass.

Question 16

Which group of microorganisms would the Calvin cycle LEAST likely be found in?

Accepted Answer

A) anoxygenic Bacteria 
B) chemolithotrophic Bacteria 
C) cyanobacteria 
D) hydrocarbon catabolizing Bacteria 
A) anoxygenic Bacteria 
B) chemolithotrophic Bacteria 
C) cyanobacteria 
D) hydrocarbon catabolizing Bacteria

Question 17

Reductive dechlorination involves chlorinated organic compounds serving as electron donors and releasing the chloride in inorganic forms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Some anaerobic bacteria not only use organic compounds as a carbon source but can also use them for energy as well.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Heterofermentation CANNOT be differentiated from homofermentation based on the compound fermented.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In Bacteria,the MOST common oxidized form of nitrogen is ________ and of sulfur is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) nitrate / sulfate 
B) nitrate / sulfite 
C) nitrite / sulfate 
D) nitrite / sulfite 
A) nitrate / sulfate 
B) nitrate / sulfite 
C) nitrite / sulfate 
D) nitrite / sulfite

Exam 13: Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

A bacterium that uses CO₂ as an electron source but CANNOT use it as a carbon source is considered a mixotroph.

Phototrophic purple bacteria such as Rhodobacter species grow ONLY by photosynthesis,using bacteriochlorophylls to harvest light.

The light-harvesting pigments in Bacteria are classified as bacteriochlorophylls.

When elemental sulfur is provided externally as an electron donor,the organism must attach itself to the sulfur particle because of the extreme insolubility of elemental sulfur.

A researcher lacked the necessary equipment to measure methane production so instead monitored CO₂ concentration as the unknown archaeon grew and produced methane.Why might CO₂ NOT decrease but methane still increase?

Which metabolic strategy's existence suggests rapid growth is NOT always the best strategy to survive in the environment?

Bacteria that are capable of oxidizing both iron and sulfur usually have a strong preference for sulfur oxidation because it yields more energy.

Propose why it would be advantageous for a photosynthetic microorganism to have more than one type of chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll.

Organisms grown with CO₂ as its sole carbon source must have energy in the form of ATP as well as reducing power.

The acetyl-CoA pathway is a primary route for carbon source utilization.

Bacteria that degrade aromatic compounds with reductions steps rather than oxygenase activity prior to ring fission are likely to be anaerobes.

What will happen to a cyanobacterium that has its photosystem II (PSII)blocked?

A bacterium that catabolizes a compound by linking ion pumps to establish a proton or sodium motive force for energy

The Calvin cycle provides autotrophs the ability to convert inorganic carbon into biomass and generate energy during this process.

Identifying carboxysomes in a bacterium suggests it

Which group of microorganisms would the Calvin cycle LEAST likely be found in?

Reductive dechlorination involves chlorinated organic compounds serving as electron donors and releasing the chloride in inorganic forms.

Some anaerobic bacteria not only use organic compounds as a carbon source but can also use them for energy as well.

Heterofermentation CANNOT be differentiated from homofermentation based on the compound fermented.

In Bacteria,the MOST common oxidized form of nitrogen is ________ and of sulfur is ________.

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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In Bacteria,the MOST common oxidized form of nitrogen is and of sulfur is .