Question 1

Lichens are a mutualistic association of a fungus and either an alga or a cyanobacterium in which

Accepted Answer

A) the fungus protects the photosynthetic partner from erosion. 
B) the fungus slowly engulfs the photosynthetic partner. 
C) the fungus helps collect sunlight for the photosynthetic partner. 
D) the phototroph provides phosphorus to the fungus. 
A) the fungus protects the photosynthetic partner from erosion. 
B) the fungus slowly engulfs the photosynthetic partner. 
C) the fungus helps collect sunlight for the photosynthetic partner. 
D) the phototroph provides phosphorus to the fungus.

Question 2

Explain how leeches are used today in medical replants and transplants.

Accepted Answer

Leeches produce anticoagulants and vasod

Question 3

Most nitrogen-fixing bacteria symbiotically associated with plants are called

Accepted Answer

A) bacteroids. 
B) mycorrhizae. 
C) rhizobia. 
D) symbiodinia. 
A) bacteroids. 
B) mycorrhizae. 
C) rhizobia. 
D) symbiodinia.

Question 4

What is the role of the vir genes on a Ti plasmid?

Accepted Answer

A) to cause crow gall disease (virulence) 
B) to confer resistance to viral infection 
C) replication of the plasmid 
D) T-DNA transfer 
A) to cause crow gall disease (virulence) 
B) to confer resistance to viral infection 
C) replication of the plasmid 
D) T-DNA transfer

Question 5

The mutualism of Azolla-Anabaena is useful for

Accepted Answer

A) aquaculturalists. 
B) corn farmers. 
C) rice farmers. 
D) tropical forest community succession. 
A) aquaculturalists. 
B) corn farmers. 
C) rice farmers. 
D) tropical forest community succession.

Question 6

The bacterium Escherichia coli comprises a significant fraction of the bacterial population in healthy adult humans,ranging from 10-50%.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

When the squid that contain luminescent bacterial symbionts hatch,they do NOT contain a bacterial symbiont.Symbiont transmission in this symbiosis is

Accepted Answer

A) vertical from parent to offspring. 
B) horizontal and involves specific selection of the symbiont from the environment. 
C) random and results in various different species being selected as the symbiont. 
D) mixed and results in multiple symbiont species colonizing the squid at once. 
A) vertical from parent to offspring. 
B) horizontal and involves specific selection of the symbiont from the environment. 
C) random and results in various different species being selected as the symbiont. 
D) mixed and results in multiple symbiont species colonizing the squid at once.

Question 8

Archaea are commonly present in rumens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the human gut microbiome?

Accepted Answer

A) production of essential amino acids and vitamins 
B) production of volatile fatty acids from polysaccharides 
C) iron and trace metal absorption 
D) maturation of the gastrointestinal tract 
A) production of essential amino acids and vitamins 
B) production of volatile fatty acids from polysaccharides 
C) iron and trace metal absorption 
D) maturation of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 10

Symbionts such as Aeromonas veronii of leeches and Buchnera symbionts of insects are transmitted ________ to ensure the safe transfer of the symbiont to the next host generation.

Accepted Answer

A) vertically to offspring 
B) horizontally through infected water 
C) horizontally through infected secondary hosts 
D) vertically through the air 
A) vertically to offspring 
B) horizontally through infected water 
C) horizontally through infected secondary hosts 
D) vertically through the air

Question 11

Describe the mutualistic relationship between chemolithotrophic bacteria and tube worms in hydrothermal vents.

Accepted Answer

The tube worm has a special form of hemo

Question 12

How is a bacteroid distinguished from a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

A) 16S rRNA gene sequencing 
B) biochemical tests 
C) cell morphology 
D) 16S rRNA gene sequencing,biochemical tests,and cell morphology 
A) 16S rRNA gene sequencing 
B) biochemical tests 
C) cell morphology 
D) 16S rRNA gene sequencing,biochemical tests,and cell morphology

Question 13

________ are intracellular bacteria that are usually localized to specialized organs within their host.

Accepted Answer

A) Symbiodinium 
B) Arbuscules 
C) Epibionts 
D) Endosymbionts 
A) Symbiodinium 
B) Arbuscules 
C) Epibionts 
D) Endosymbionts

Question 14

Both lichens and corals are symbioses involving phototrophic microorganisms.Compare and contrast lichens and corals,including the types of organisms involved,the role of each partner,the specificity of the interaction,and the method of transmission for each symbiosis.

Accepted Answer

Lichens are found on house roofs,tree tr

Question 15

Bacteria associated with plants fix very small amounts of nitrogen,therefore they do NOT contribute significantly to the global N cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The function of leghemoglobin in root nodules is to

Accepted Answer

A) bind oxygen. 
B) chelate iron. 
C) produce iron. 
D) produce nitrogen. 
A) bind oxygen. 
B) chelate iron. 
C) produce iron. 
D) produce nitrogen.

Question 17

Weight gain and obesity may be partly caused by certain gut microbial communities that

Accepted Answer

A) absorb more vitamins and essential amino acids. 
B) produce more volatile fatty acids by fermentation. 
C) stimulate the gut endothelium to absorb more sugars. 
D) produce more hydrogen gas by fermentation. 
A) absorb more vitamins and essential amino acids. 
B) produce more volatile fatty acids by fermentation. 
C) stimulate the gut endothelium to absorb more sugars. 
D) produce more hydrogen gas by fermentation.

Question 18

What is the difference between a primary and secondary insect symbiont? Propose how you might use an insect symbiont to control the spread of an insect-borne disease.

Accepted Answer

Primary symbionts are microorganisms tha

Question 19

The human oral flora consists of

Accepted Answer

A) a small group of phylogenetically related aerobic microorganisms. 
B) diverse aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. 
C) monoculture biofilms on tooth surfaces. 
D) the same phyla that are found in the human gut. 
A) a small group of phylogenetically related aerobic microorganisms. 
B) diverse aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. 
C) monoculture biofilms on tooth surfaces. 
D) the same phyla that are found in the human gut.

Question 20

Which of the following is a common benefit of a microbe-plant symbiosis?

Accepted Answer

A) increased nutrient availability 
B) decreased pathogen colonization 
C) increased affinity for carbon dioxide 
D) increased nutrient availability and decreased pathogen colonization 
A) increased nutrient availability 
B) decreased pathogen colonization 
C) increased affinity for carbon dioxide 
D) increased nutrient availability and decreased pathogen colonization

Exam 22: Microbial Symbioses

Lichens are a mutualistic association of a fungus and either an alga or a cyanobacterium in which

Explain how leeches are used today in medical replants and transplants.

Most nitrogen-fixing bacteria symbiotically associated with plants are called

What is the role of the vir genes on a Ti plasmid?

The mutualism of Azolla-Anabaena is useful for

The bacterium Escherichia coli comprises a significant fraction of the bacterial population in healthy adult humans,ranging from 10-50%.

When the squid that contain luminescent bacterial symbionts hatch,they do NOT contain a bacterial symbiont.Symbiont transmission in this symbiosis is

Archaea are commonly present in rumens.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the human gut microbiome?

Symbionts such as Aeromonas veronii of leeches and Buchnera symbionts of insects are transmitted ________ to ensure the safe transfer of the symbiont to the next host generation.

Describe the mutualistic relationship between chemolithotrophic bacteria and tube worms in hydrothermal vents.

How is a bacteroid distinguished from a bacterial cell?

________ are intracellular bacteria that are usually localized to specialized organs within their host.

Both lichens and corals are symbioses involving phototrophic microorganisms.Compare and contrast lichens and corals,including the types of organisms involved,the role of each partner,the specificity of the interaction,and the method of transmission for each symbiosis.

Bacteria associated with plants fix very small amounts of nitrogen,therefore they do NOT contribute significantly to the global N cycle.

The function of leghemoglobin in root nodules is to

Weight gain and obesity may be partly caused by certain gut microbial communities that

What is the difference between a primary and secondary insect symbiont? Propose how you might use an insect symbiont to control the spread of an insect-borne disease.

The human oral flora consists of

Which of the following is a common benefit of a microbe-plant symbiosis?

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Interactions With Humans

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

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