Question 1

Explain how diet plays a role in host susceptibility to infection.

Accepted Answer

Diet alters the normal flora,allowing op

Question 2

Describe how orally taken antibiotics can result in the harmful alteration in digestive functions and disease.

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics inhibit the growth of the no

Question 3

Which of the following is a way to prevent attenuation and maintain virulence in a bacterium?

Accepted Answer

A) laboratory subculture 
B) animal passage 
C) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
D) antibiotic therapy 
A) laboratory subculture 
B) animal passage 
C) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
D) antibiotic therapy

Question 4

Which of the following is a category of exotoxin?

Accepted Answer

A) cytolytic toxin 
B) lipophilic toxin 
C) α-toxin 
D) β-toxin 
A) cytolytic toxin 
B) lipophilic toxin 
C) α-toxin 
D) β-toxin

Question 5

Decalcification of the tooth enamel due to the production of high concentrations of organic acids in the mouth is known as

Accepted Answer

A) degenerative plaque. 
B) dental caries. 
C) dental plaque. 
D) microbial enamel decalcification. 
A) degenerative plaque. 
B) dental caries. 
C) dental plaque. 
D) microbial enamel decalcification.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT important for the adherence of bacteria to other bacteria as well as to host tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) adherence polymers 
B) capsule 
C) glycocalyx 
D) slime layer 
A) adherence polymers 
B) capsule 
C) glycocalyx 
D) slime layer

Question 7

________ are toxic proteins released from the pathogen as it grows.

Accepted Answer

A) Endotoxins 
B) Exotoxins 
C) Macrotoxins 
D) Microtoxins 
A) Endotoxins 
B) Exotoxins 
C) Macrotoxins 
D) Microtoxins

Question 8

Which of the following pathogens does NOT require capsules or a slime layer for attachment?

Accepted Answer

A) Vibrio cholera 
B) Streptococcus pneumonia 
C) Bacillus anthracis 
D) All of these pathogens require capsules or slime layers for attachment. 
A) Vibrio cholera 
B) Streptococcus pneumonia 
C) Bacillus anthracis 
D) All of these pathogens require capsules or slime layers for attachment.

Question 9

The following compounds are all produced by intestinal microflora EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) flatus. 
B) vitamin C. 
C) vitamin B₁₂. 
D) vitamin K. 
A) flatus. 
B) vitamin C. 
C) vitamin B₁₂. 
D) vitamin K.

Question 10

Extensive growth of the streptococci in a thick bacterial layer on acidic glycoproteins on the teeth is called

Accepted Answer

A) dental plaque. 
B) dental caries. 
C) dental biofilm. 
D) periodontitis. 
A) dental plaque. 
B) dental caries. 
C) dental biofilm. 
D) periodontitis.

Question 11

An opportunistic pathogen causes disease ONLY in the presence of normal host resistance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The Limulus amebocyte lysate assay is used to detect endotoxin in clinical samples such as serum or cerebrospinal fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What is the similarity between the flora found in a female at the menopause stage and a female at the pre-puberty stage? How different is it from a female between the stages of puberty and menopause?

Accepted Answer

The flora in both cases lack Lactobacill

Question 14

The collective term for the organisms living on or in the human body is

Accepted Answer

A) normal microbial flora. 
B) fomite flora. 
C) transient microbial flora. 
D) pathogenic flora. 
A) normal microbial flora. 
B) fomite flora. 
C) transient microbial flora. 
D) pathogenic flora.

Question 15

What are the different categories of exotoxins,and how do they function?

Accepted Answer

The three categories are AB toxins,cytol

Question 16

R plasmids help prevent the spread of virulence factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is a major growth-limiting micronutrient that influences microbial growth?

Accepted Answer

A) iron 
B) transferrin 
C) lactoferrin 
D) sugar 
A) iron 
B) transferrin 
C) lactoferrin 
D) sugar

Question 18

Normal flora in the duodenum are

Accepted Answer

A) similar to the microflora in the stomach. 
B) dominated by aerobic organisms. 
C) tolerant to alkaline environments. 
D) tolerant to high salinity. 
A) similar to the microflora in the stomach. 
B) dominated by aerobic organisms. 
C) tolerant to alkaline environments. 
D) tolerant to high salinity.

Question 19

Which of the following is more likely to cause urinary tract infections?

Accepted Answer

A) fimbriated strains of Escherichia coli 
B) non-fimbriated strains of Escherichia coli 
C) both fimbriated and non-fimbriated strains of Escherichia coli 
D) None of the answers are correct. 
A) fimbriated strains of Escherichia coli 
B) non-fimbriated strains of Escherichia coli 
C) both fimbriated and non-fimbriated strains of Escherichia coli 
D) None of the answers are correct.

Question 20

Which of the following hemolysins is a phospholipase?

Accepted Answer

A) lecithinase 
B) Streptolysin-O 
C) Staphylococcal -toxin 
D) leukocidin 
A) lecithinase 
B) Streptolysin-O 
C) Staphylococcal -toxin 
D) leukocidin

Exam 23: Microbial Interactions With Humans

Explain how diet plays a role in host susceptibility to infection.

Describe how orally taken antibiotics can result in the harmful alteration in digestive functions and disease.

Which of the following is a way to prevent attenuation and maintain virulence in a bacterium?

Which of the following is a category of exotoxin?

Decalcification of the tooth enamel due to the production of high concentrations of organic acids in the mouth is known as

Which of the following is NOT important for the adherence of bacteria to other bacteria as well as to host tissue?

________ are toxic proteins released from the pathogen as it grows.

Which of the following pathogens does NOT require capsules or a slime layer for attachment?

The following compounds are all produced by intestinal microflora EXCEPT

Extensive growth of the streptococci in a thick bacterial layer on acidic glycoproteins on the teeth is called

An opportunistic pathogen causes disease ONLY in the presence of normal host resistance.

The Limulus amebocyte lysate assay is used to detect endotoxin in clinical samples such as serum or cerebrospinal fluid.

What is the similarity between the flora found in a female at the menopause stage and a female at the pre-puberty stage? How different is it from a female between the stages of puberty and menopause?

The collective term for the organisms living on or in the human body is

What are the different categories of exotoxins,and how do they function?

R plasmids help prevent the spread of virulence factors.

Which of the following is a major growth-limiting micronutrient that influences microbial growth?

Normal flora in the duodenum are

Which of the following is more likely to cause urinary tract infections?

Which of the following hemolysins is a phospholipase?

Microorganisms and Microbiology

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Biology

Microbial Growth and Control

Microbial Genomics

Metabolic Regulation

Viruses and Virology

Viral Genomes and Diversity

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Methods in Microbial Ecology

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Immunity and Host Defense

Immune Mechanisms

Molecular Immunology

Diagnostic Microbiology

Epidemiology

Person-To-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Water and Food As Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases

Filters