Exam 13: Additional Topics in Regression Analysis

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The estimated standard deviation of the slope coefficients is influenced inversely by the standard error of the model.

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THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: A market researcher is interested in the average amount of money spent per year by college students on clothing.From 25 years of annual data,the following estimated regression was obtained through least squares: yt = 48.75 + THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: A market researcher is interested in the average amount of money spent per year by college students on clothing.From 25 years of annual data,the following estimated regression was obtained through least squares: y<sub>t</sub> = 48.75 +    +    +    where the numbers in parentheses below the coefficients are the coefficient standard errors,and y = Expenditure per student,in dollars,on clothes x<sub>1</sub> = Disposable income per student,in dollars,after the payment of tuition,fees,and room and board. x<sub>2</sub> = Index of advertising,aimed at the student market,on clothes -Why is the use of dummy variables and multiple regression important in experimental design? + THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: A market researcher is interested in the average amount of money spent per year by college students on clothing.From 25 years of annual data,the following estimated regression was obtained through least squares: y<sub>t</sub> = 48.75 +    +    +    where the numbers in parentheses below the coefficients are the coefficient standard errors,and y = Expenditure per student,in dollars,on clothes x<sub>1</sub> = Disposable income per student,in dollars,after the payment of tuition,fees,and room and board. x<sub>2</sub> = Index of advertising,aimed at the student market,on clothes -Why is the use of dummy variables and multiple regression important in experimental design? + THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: A market researcher is interested in the average amount of money spent per year by college students on clothing.From 25 years of annual data,the following estimated regression was obtained through least squares: y<sub>t</sub> = 48.75 +    +    +    where the numbers in parentheses below the coefficients are the coefficient standard errors,and y = Expenditure per student,in dollars,on clothes x<sub>1</sub> = Disposable income per student,in dollars,after the payment of tuition,fees,and room and board. x<sub>2</sub> = Index of advertising,aimed at the student market,on clothes -Why is the use of dummy variables and multiple regression important in experimental design? where the numbers in parentheses below the coefficients are the coefficient standard errors,and y = Expenditure per student,in dollars,on clothes x1 = Disposable income per student,in dollars,after the payment of tuition,fees,and room and board. x2 = Index of advertising,aimed at the student market,on clothes -Why is the use of dummy variables and multiple regression important in experimental design?

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Suppose you are interested in modeling the amount of money a firm spends on marketing their product.In order to have your results be of interest to a wide audience,you collect data from a variety of firms ranging from those who spend quite little on advertising to those that spend quite a bit.If you model advertising expenditures as a function of gross sales,your results might be subject to:

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Which of the following is considered one of the most common concerns with time-series data?

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If omitted variables are uncorrelated with the other independent variables,a bias in the estimation of coefficients occurs.

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THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: Consider the following model: Y = β0 + β1X1t + β2X2t + γYt-1.Suppose we increase X1 by one unit in time period t,with all other independent variables in the model held fixed. -What is the total expected increase in the dependent variable over time period t and all future time periods?

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Calculate the dU value when k = 5,n = 17,and α is taken to be 0.01

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________ occurs when errors are not independently distributed.

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In reference to the Durbin-Watson statistic d and the critical values dLand dυ,which of the following statements is false?

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THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: Consider the following data for two variables,x and y.The independent variable x represents the amount of training time (in hours)for a salesperson starting a new car dealership to adjust fully,and the dependent variable y represents the weekly sales (in $1000s). THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: Consider the following data for two variables,x and y.The independent variable x represents the amount of training time (in hours)for a salesperson starting a new car dealership to adjust fully,and the dependent variable y represents the weekly sales (in $1000s).    -Estimate the value of y when x = 45 using the estimated linear regression equation of the form    . -Estimate the value of y when x = 45 using the estimated linear regression equation of the form THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: Consider the following data for two variables,x and y.The independent variable x represents the amount of training time (in hours)for a salesperson starting a new car dealership to adjust fully,and the dependent variable y represents the weekly sales (in $1000s).    -Estimate the value of y when x = 45 using the estimated linear regression equation of the form    . .

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Which of the following can cause specification bias in a regression model?

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Models in which the error terms do not all have the same variance are said to exhibit heteroscedasticity.

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Consider the regression model Consider the regression model   = 50 + 25x<sub>1</sub> - 7x<sub>2</sub> - 6x<sub>1</sub>x<sub>2</sub>.A 1-unit increase in x<sub>2</sub>,while holding x<sub>1</sub> constant at a value of 3,decreases the value of y,on average,by: = 50 + 25x1 - 7x2 - 6x1x2.A 1-unit increase in x2,while holding x1 constant at a value of 3,decreases the value of y,on average,by:

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Which of the following is expected to occur in multiple regression analysis if an important variable is omitted from the list of independent variables?

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When computing the Durbin-Watson statistic,what value will the sample estimate,r,have if the errors are not autocorrelated?

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Suppose we estimate the following regression using 48 months of data: Yt = β0 + β1X1t + β2X2t + β3X3t + β4X4t + εt Using the residuals from this regression,we run another regression of Suppose we estimate the following regression using 48 months of data: Y<sub>t</sub> = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>X<sub>1</sub><sub>t</sub><sub> </sub>+ β<sub>2</sub>X<sub>2</sub><sub>t</sub><sub> </sub>+ β<sub>3</sub>X<sub>3</sub><sub>t</sub> + β<sub>4</sub>X<sub>4</sub><sub>t</sub> + ε<sub>t</sub> Using the residuals from this regression,we run another regression of   On the predicted values   <sub>t.</sub> From this regression we get an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.14.Let H<sub>0</sub> be that there is no heteroscedasticity.What can you conclude? On the predicted values Suppose we estimate the following regression using 48 months of data: Y<sub>t</sub> = β<sub>0</sub> + β<sub>1</sub>X<sub>1</sub><sub>t</sub><sub> </sub>+ β<sub>2</sub>X<sub>2</sub><sub>t</sub><sub> </sub>+ β<sub>3</sub>X<sub>3</sub><sub>t</sub> + β<sub>4</sub>X<sub>4</sub><sub>t</sub> + ε<sub>t</sub> Using the residuals from this regression,we run another regression of   On the predicted values   <sub>t.</sub> From this regression we get an R<sup>2</sup> of 0.14.Let H<sub>0</sub> be that there is no heteroscedasticity.What can you conclude? t. From this regression we get an R2 of 0.14.Let H0 be that there is no heteroscedasticity.What can you conclude?

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THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: In a regression based on 35 annual observations,U.S.farm income was related to four independent variables- grain exports,federal government subsidies,population,and a dummy variable for bad weather years.The model was fitted by least squares,resulting in a Durbin-Watson statistic of 1.34.The regression of THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: In a regression based on 35 annual observations,U.S.farm income was related to four independent variables- grain exports,federal government subsidies,population,and a dummy variable for bad weather years.The model was fitted by least squares,resulting in a Durbin-Watson statistic of 1.34.The regression of    on    <sub>i</sub> yielded a coefficient of determination of 0.036. -Test the model for autocorrelated errors. on THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: In a regression based on 35 annual observations,U.S.farm income was related to four independent variables- grain exports,federal government subsidies,population,and a dummy variable for bad weather years.The model was fitted by least squares,resulting in a Durbin-Watson statistic of 1.34.The regression of    on    <sub>i</sub> yielded a coefficient of determination of 0.036. -Test the model for autocorrelated errors. i yielded a coefficient of determination of 0.036. -Test the model for autocorrelated errors.

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If a categorical independent variable,such as gender,contains exactly two categories,then how many dummy variable(s)will be needed to uniquely represent these categories?

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Consider the regression model Consider the regression model   = 20 + 8x<sub>1</sub> + 5x<sub>2</sub> + 3x<sub>1</sub>x<sub>2</sub>.Which combination of x<sub>1</sub> and x<sub>2</sub>,respectively,results in the largest average value of y? = 20 + 8x1 + 5x2 + 3x1x2.Which combination of x1 and x2,respectively,results in the largest average value of y?

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THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: Consider the following data for two variables,x and y.The independent variable x represents the amount of training time (in hours)for a salesperson starting a new car dealership to adjust fully,and the dependent variable y represents the weekly sales (in $1000s). THE NEXT QUESTIONS ARE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: Consider the following data for two variables,x and y.The independent variable x represents the amount of training time (in hours)for a salesperson starting a new car dealership to adjust fully,and the dependent variable y represents the weekly sales (in $1000s).    -Determine if there is sufficient evidence at the 5% significance level to infer that the relationship between x and y is significant. -Determine if there is sufficient evidence at the 5% significance level to infer that the relationship between x and y is significant.

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