Exam 28: Evolutionary Genetics

Which concept of speciation uses multiple criteria to determine if a population is part of an independent evolutionary lineage, and thus a species, which is distinct from others?

Homologous genes are derived from the same ancestral gene.

The biological species concept was introduced by

What is the most common form of cladogenesis?

It is currently believed that apple maggot flies are undergoing a divergence into two separate species. Two hundred years ago these maggot flies laid their eggs only on the hawthorn fruit, but after apples were introduced in the Americas, some maggot flies started laying their eggs on apples. Today, females generally lay their eggs on the type of fruit they grew up in, and male flies end up mating on the type of fruit they grew up in. Therefore hawthorn flies mate with hawthorn flies and apple flies mate with apple flies. If genetic changes between the hawthorn maggot flies and the apple maggot flies continue until the flies are different species, this would be an example of

Regions of a chromosome that contain groups of linked genes in several species are called ____.

Many species of cats (including big cats like lions, tigers, etc.) have tails. For cats, tails are likely to be a ______.

Differences in sexual attraction between males and females based on behavior, physiology, or morphology is an example of a _____ isolation mechanism.

The changing composition of a gene pool with regard to a particular allele over a measurable period of time is called _______.

In which form of cladogenesis do hybrid zones exist?

Researchers who study molecular evolution often analyze DNA sequences using computer programs which identify homologous sequences.

In the construction of a phylogenetic tree, a ______ considers the overall similarities among a group of species without trying to understand their evolutionary history, whereas a ______ considers the possible pathways of evolution to find the best possible tree.

One definition of species is a group of individuals whose members have the potential to interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring.

Based on rRNA analysis, all life on Earth can be grouped into how many major branches?

Molecular paleontology _____.

At the microevolutionary level, natural selection is based on genetic differences that give an individual a selective advantage.

In the frog genus, when certain species attempts to mate with other species, embryo development is halted at various stages including zygotic segmentation, blastula formation, gastrulation, or in the final phases of embryo development. The stage where the developing frog arrests depends on the species involved in the cross. This is an example of

Homologous genes that are found in different species are called

In this phylogenetic tree, select the change that is a shared derived character for sequences A, B, and C.

What type of cladogenesis can occur through the founder effect?