Question 1

What sequences are not considered to be regulatory elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enhancers 
B)  Silencers 
C)  Core promoters 
D)  Cis-acting elements 
E)  General transcription factors 
A)  Enhancers 
B)  Silencers 
C)  Core promoters 
D)  Cis-acting elements 
E)  General transcription factors E

Question 2

What is unusual about the 5' cap found on almost all eukaryotic mRNAs?

Accepted Answer

A)  The nucelotide added is a guanine methylated at N7 and the bond is created between the phosphate group on the guanine and the phosphate on the terminal nucleotide 
B)  The nucelotide added is a guanine methylated at N7 and the bond is a typical phosphodiester bond with the terminal nucleotide 
C)  The nucelotide added is anadenine methylated at N7 and the bond is created between the phosphate group on the guanine and the phosphate on the terminal nucleotide 
D)  The nucelotide added is an adenine methylated at N7 and the bond is typical phosphodiester bond with the terminal nucleotide 
A)  The nucelotide added is a guanine methylated at N7 and the bond is created between the phosphate group on the guanine and the phosphate on the terminal nucleotide 
B)  The nucelotide added is a guanine methylated at N7 and the bond is a typical phosphodiester bond with the terminal nucleotide 
C)  The nucelotide added is anadenine methylated at N7 and the bond is created between the phosphate group on the guanine and the phosphate on the terminal nucleotide 
D)  The nucelotide added is an adenine methylated at N7 and the bond is typical phosphodiester bond with the terminal nucleotide A

Question 3

Where does the process of transcription initiate?

Accepted Answer

A) Promoter 
B) Terminator 
C) Regulation sequences 
D) Transcription factors 
A) Promoter 
B) Terminator 
C) Regulation sequences 
D) Transcription factors A

Question 4

What snRNP holds the exons in place so that they can be connected after the intron is removed?

Accepted Answer

A) U1 
B) U2 
C) U5 
D) U6 
A) U1 
B) U2 
C) U5 
D) U6

Question 5

What is the purpose of phosphorylating the carboxy terminal domain (CTD)?

Accepted Answer

A) Convert from initiation to the elongation stage 
B) To aid in transcriptional initiation 
C) Phosphorylate transcription factors 
D) To aid in promoter recognition 
A) Convert from initiation to the elongation stage 
B) To aid in transcriptional initiation 
C) Phosphorylate transcription factors 
D) To aid in promoter recognition

Question 6

An R loop experiment was performed on two different mRNA's. The first showed one R loop, while the second showed two R loops separated by a region of double-stranded DNA. What is the composition of these two mRNA's?

Accepted Answer

A) The first contains no introns and the second two introns 
B) The first contains no introns and the second one intron 
C) The first contains one intron and the second two introns 
D) The first contains two introns and the second one intron 
A) The first contains no introns and the second two introns 
B) The first contains no introns and the second one intron 
C) The first contains one intron and the second two introns 
D) The first contains two introns and the second one intron

Question 7

The process of RNA editing can alter the base sequence of the mRNA following transcription.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In the process of RNA editing adenine or cytosine may be deaminated and the result is

Accepted Answer

A) Adenine is changed to inosine and cytosine is changed to thymidine 
B) Although both bases are covalenty changed there is no alteration in the tRNAs the modified bases may engage 
C) The new bases effectively result in new codons 
D) Answers adenine is changed to inosine and cytosine is changed to thymidine and the new bases effectively result in new codons are correct (Although both bases are covalenty changed there is no alteration in the tRNAs the modified bases may engage is incorrect) 
E)  Answers adenine is changed to inosine and cytosine is changed to thymidine and although both bases are covalenty changed there is no alteration in the tRNAs the modified bases may engage are correct (The new bases effectively result in new codons is incorrect) 
A) Adenine is changed to inosine and cytosine is changed to thymidine 
B) Although both bases are covalenty changed there is no alteration in the tRNAs the modified bases may engage 
C) The new bases effectively result in new codons 
D) Answers adenine is changed to inosine and cytosine is changed to thymidine and the new bases effectively result in new codons are correct (Although both bases are covalenty changed there is no alteration in the tRNAs the modified bases may engage is incorrect) 
E)  Answers adenine is changed to inosine and cytosine is changed to thymidine and although both bases are covalenty changed there is no alteration in the tRNAs the modified bases may engage are correct (The new bases effectively result in new codons is incorrect)

Question 9

The rationale for including the plasmid that was not cloned with the linker was

Accepted Answer

A)  the plasmid without the linker served as a positive control to demonstrate that the assay was performing as expected 
B)  that the plasmid was used to make sure there was no RNA degradation 
C)  the plasmid was used to make sure there was no DNA degradation 
D)  the plasmid was included as a carrier to help separate the RNA that was produced from the unincorporated radioactive nucleotides. 
A)  the plasmid without the linker served as a positive control to demonstrate that the assay was performing as expected 
B)  that the plasmid was used to make sure there was no RNA degradation 
C)  the plasmid was used to make sure there was no DNA degradation 
D)  the plasmid was included as a carrier to help separate the RNA that was produced from the unincorporated radioactive nucleotides.

Question 10

Basal transcription in eukaryotes involves the action of only the core promoter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What kind of promoter is being used in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) Eukaryotic 
B) Prokaryotic 
C) Cannot tell from the information given 
D) Neither eukaryotic nor prokaryotic 
A) Eukaryotic 
B) Prokaryotic 
C) Cannot tell from the information given 
D) Neither eukaryotic nor prokaryotic

Question 12

The results obtained when the linker was cloned between -50 and -100 indicate that

Accepted Answer

A) this region is not critical for transcription but can enhance transcription 
B) the assay failed 
C) when cloned in this region the linkers had a transacting effect 
D) the results of the assay were variable and this is just due to random variation in the assay 
A) this region is not critical for transcription but can enhance transcription 
B) the assay failed 
C) when cloned in this region the linkers had a transacting effect 
D) the results of the assay were variable and this is just due to random variation in the assay

Question 13

The term ribozyme is given to catalytic RNA molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What region in eukaryotic genes usually contains the majority of regulatory elements?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 to 50 
B) -50 to 0 
C) -50 to -100 
D) -100 to -150 
A) 0 to 50 
B) -50 to 0 
C) -50 to -100 
D) -100 to -150

Question 15

Sigma factor belongs to a general group of proteins called the transcription factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The consensus sequences are 5'TTGACA3' and 5'TATAAT3' at -35 and -10 respectively. Which of the following would be most easily recognized by $\sigma$ factor?

Accepted Answer

A) 5'TTGAAA3' 
B) 5'TAAATT3' 
C) 5'TATATA3' 
D) 5'TTCAGA3' 
A) 5'TTGAAA3' 
B) 5'TAAATT3' 
C) 5'TATATA3' 
D) 5'TTCAGA3'

Question 17

The absence of a band when the linker is present at about -25 indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  This region is critical for the in vitro transcription reaction 
B)  this region is not critical for the in vitro transcription reaction 
C)  it is not possible to determine if this region is critical for in vitro transcription 
D)  the linker interfered with transcription 
A)  This region is critical for the in vitro transcription reaction 
B)  this region is not critical for the in vitro transcription reaction 
C)  it is not possible to determine if this region is critical for in vitro transcription 
D)  the linker interfered with transcription

Question 18

The Prinbow box contains a CACAAC consensus sequence located in the -100 region of the promoter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What is the correct order of elements that comprise a functional protein encoding gene in a prokaryote?

Accepted Answer

A)  Promoter, regulatory region, transcribed region, terminator 
B)  Regulatory region, promoter, transcribed region, terminator 
C)  Regulatory region, promoter, terminator, transcribed region 
D)  Promoter, transcribed region, regulatory region, terminator 
A)  Promoter, regulatory region, transcribed region, terminator 
B)  Regulatory region, promoter, transcribed region, terminator 
C)  Regulatory region, promoter, terminator, transcribed region 
D)  Promoter, transcribed region, regulatory region, terminator

Question 20

The unit of transcription at the molecular level is the gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Gene Transcription and RNA Modification

What sequences are not considered to be regulatory elements?

What is unusual about the 5' cap found on almost all eukaryotic mRNAs?

Where does the process of transcription initiate?

What snRNP holds the exons in place so that they can be connected after the intron is removed?

What is the purpose of phosphorylating the carboxy terminal domain (CTD)?

An R loop experiment was performed on two different mRNA's. The first showed one R loop, while the second showed two R loops separated by a region of double-stranded DNA. What is the composition of these two mRNA's?

The process of RNA editing can alter the base sequence of the mRNA following transcription.

In the process of RNA editing adenine or cytosine may be deaminated and the result is

The rationale for including the plasmid that was not cloned with the linker was

Basal transcription in eukaryotes involves the action of only the core promoter.

What kind of promoter is being used in this experiment?

The results obtained when the linker was cloned between -50 and -100 indicate that

The term ribozyme is given to catalytic RNA molecules.

What region in eukaryotic genes usually contains the majority of regulatory elements?

Sigma factor belongs to a general group of proteins called the transcription factors.

The consensus sequences are 5'TTGACA3' and 5'TATAAT3' at -35 and -10 respectively. Which of the following would be most easily recognized by σ\sigmaσ factor?

The absence of a band when the linker is present at about -25 indicates that

The Prinbow box contains a CACAAC consensus sequence located in the -100 region of the promoter.

What is the correct order of elements that comprise a functional protein encoding gene in a prokaryote?

The unit of transcription at the molecular level is the gene.

Overview of Genetics

Mendelian Inheritance

Chromosome Transmission During Cell Division and Sexual Reproduction

Extensions of Mendelian Inheritance

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Transfer and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Variation in Chromosome Structure and Number

Molecular Structure of DNA and RNA

Chromosome Organization and Molecular Structure

DNA Replication

Translation of MRNA

Gene Regulation in Bacteria

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes I: Transcriptional Regulation

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes II: Epigenetics and Regulation at the RNA Level

Genetics of Viruses

Gene Mutation and Dna Repair

Recombination and Transposition at the Molecular Level

DNA Technologies

Biotechnology

Genomics I: Analysis of DNA

Genomics II: Functional Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics

Medical Genetics and Cancer

Developmental Genetics

Population Genetics

Quantitative Genetics

Evolutionary Genetics

Filters

The consensus sequences are 5'TTGACA3' and 5'TATAAT3' at -35 and -10 respectively. Which of the following would be most easily recognized by $\sigma$ factor?