Exam 11: Managing Individual Differences and Behavior: Supervising People As People

A smoker who claims that the habit is not as dangerous as antismoking messages suggest, saying "My grandmother smokes and she's in her 80s," is attempting to increase cognitive dissonance.

People with ______ exhibit less anxiety, greater motivation, and stronger expectations that effort leads to performance.

Individuals with an external locus of control tend to display greater work motivation, which leads to higher salaries.

Is there any way to raise your own emotional intelligence, and if so, how?

The statement "I really don't like that Ivan got so angry in that meeting" reflects the ______ component of an attitude.

Absenteeism is when an employee does not show up for work every day.

Investors who are more likely to buy a stock if they see something about it in the news or if it has a high one-day return are an example of the recency effect.

Define cognitive dissonance. Describe the conditions under which people are more likely to try to reduce it, and ways that people do this. Give an example of a time when you felt cognitive dissonance in your own life, and describe how you dealt with it.

One of the ways to create a Pygmalion effect is to encourage employees to visualize failing at executing tasks and use their fear of failure to motivate them.

Employees with a(n) ______ locus of control will probably resist close managerial supervision and should probably be placed in jobs requiring high initiative and lower compliance.

Which of the following dimensions is not an example of an external or secondary dimension on the diversity wheel?

______ has been associated with success for managers and salespeople.

Belittling the importance of one's inconsistent behavior is a way to increase cognitive dissonance.

Cognitive dissonance, according to Leon Festinger, describes the psychological discomfort a person experiences between his or her cognitive attitude and incompatible behavior.

A server expects a group of poorly dressed customers to be stingy tippers and gives them poor service, so he gets the result that he expects, a very small tip. This is an example of _____.

Which of the following is not one of the Big Five personality dimensions?

An attitude is a learned predisposition toward a specific object.

The personality trait of openness to experience has the strongest positive correlation with job performance.

Roberto finds his job description and the criteria for promotion vague, an example of role ambiguity.

On Gardenswartz and Rowe's diversity wheel, internal dimensions of diversity such as gender, age, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, and physical abilities strongly influence our attitudes and expectations and assumptions about other people, which in turn influence our own behavior.