Question 1

The DNA backbone is made from repeating _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  monosaccharide units 
B)  amino acid units 
C)  sugar-phosphate units 
D)  fatty acid 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  monosaccharide units 
B)  amino acid units 
C)  sugar-phosphate units 
D)  fatty acid 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 2

The energies for hydrogen bonds are approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  400 kJ mol-1. 
B)  100-240 kJ mol-1. 
C)  4-20 kJ mol-1. 
D)  200 kJ mol-1. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  400 kJ mol-1. 
B)  100-240 kJ mol-1. 
C)  4-20 kJ mol-1. 
D)  200 kJ mol-1. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 3

How are electrostatic forces used in protein folding?

Accepted Answer

The attraction of two opposite

Question 4

Describe resonance structures.

Accepted Answer

Resonance structures are ways of writing

Question 5

Why does DNA denature when the pH is raised above 9?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protons dissociate from guanine bases disrupting the hydrogen bonding to the other strand. 
B)  Protons bind to guanine residues giving them additional positive charges which disrupt the hydrogen bonding to the other strand. 
C)  Protons bind to functional groups that serve as hydrogen-bond acceptors, thus disrupting the hydrogen bonding to the other strand. 
D)  Protons dissociate from the phosphate groups in the backbone, which disrupts the hydrogen-bonding pattern between strands. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  Protons dissociate from guanine bases disrupting the hydrogen bonding to the other strand. 
B)  Protons bind to guanine residues giving them additional positive charges which disrupt the hydrogen bonding to the other strand. 
C)  Protons bind to functional groups that serve as hydrogen-bond acceptors, thus disrupting the hydrogen bonding to the other strand. 
D)  Protons dissociate from the phosphate groups in the backbone, which disrupts the hydrogen-bonding pattern between strands. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 6

The matter within a defined region of space is referred to as the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  universe 
B)  system 
C)  outer space 
D)  wormhole 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  universe 
B)  system 
C)  outer space 
D)  wormhole 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

When solutions containing complementary single strands of DNA are mixed,a loss of entropy occurs.How is it that the Second Law of Thermodynamics is not violated?

Accepted Answer

Heat must

Question 8

What are some of the medical implications of the human genome project?

Accepted Answer

The obvious use is in diagnosing disease

Question 9

What two properties of water are important for biological interactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  the polarity of water 
B)  the density of water 
C)  the cohesive properties of water 
D)  the polarity of water and the cohesive properties of water 
E)  the density of water and the cohesive properties of water 
A)  the polarity of water 
B)  the density of water 
C)  the cohesive properties of water 
D)  the polarity of water and the cohesive properties of water 
E)  the density of water and the cohesive properties of water

Question 10

If the whole chain is used in a nonoverlapping frame,how many amino acids are defined by this DNA sequence: ATGTTTGGACTA?

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  six 
E)  twelve 
A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  six 
E)  twelve

Question 11

What thermodynamic and free-energy changes participate in protein folding?

Accepted Answer

A combination of hydrogen bond

Question 12

Approximately what percentage of the human genome encodes proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  50% 
B)  90% 
C)  20% 
D)  3% 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  50% 
B)  90% 
C)  20% 
D)  3% 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 13

The structure of DNA described by Watson and Crick included

Accepted Answer

A)  a double helix. 
B)  the sugar phosphate backbone aligned in the center of the helix. 
C)  the base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the double helix. 
D)  both a double helix and the sugar phosphate backbone aligned in the center of the helix 
E)  a double helix and the base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the double helix 
A)  a double helix. 
B)  the sugar phosphate backbone aligned in the center of the helix. 
C)  the base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the double helix. 
D)  both a double helix and the sugar phosphate backbone aligned in the center of the helix 
E)  a double helix and the base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the double helix

Question 14

If a particular reaction has a negative $\Delta$G,is it likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Not unless energy is added to the system 
B)  Yes, if it is coupled to another reaction 
C)  Yes, it is spontaneous. 
D)  No, it is not spontaneous. 
E)  Yes, as long as the temperature increases 
A)  Not unless energy is added to the system 
B)  Yes, if it is coupled to another reaction 
C)  Yes, it is spontaneous. 
D)  No, it is not spontaneous. 
E)  Yes, as long as the temperature increases

Question 15

For a spontaneous reaction,the $\Delta$G must be _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  greater than 1 
D)  between 1 and 0 
E)  0 
A)  positive 
B)  negative 
C)  greater than 1 
D)  between 1 and 0 
E)  0

Question 16

The fundamental groups of organisms include Eukarya,Bacteria,and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Plantae 
B)  Animalia 
C)  Protista 
D)  Archaea 
E)  Fungi 
A)  Plantae 
B)  Animalia 
C)  Protista 
D)  Archaea 
E)  Fungi

Question 17

Which is the correct order of decreasing bond strengths?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, van der Waals interactions 
B)  hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, covalent bonds 
C)  van der Waals interactions, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds 
D)  covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions 
E)  hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions 
A)  hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, van der Waals interactions 
B)  hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, covalent bonds 
C)  van der Waals interactions, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds 
D)  covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions 
E)  hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions

Question 18

Which of the following are the strongest bonds in molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  covalent bonds 
B)  ionic bonds 
C)  hydrogen bonds 
D)  metallic bonds 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  covalent bonds 
B)  ionic bonds 
C)  hydrogen bonds 
D)  metallic bonds 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 19

What happens to nonpolar molecules in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  They dissolve independently. 
B)  They aggregate together. 
C)  They precipitate. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  They dissolve independently. 
B)  They aggregate together. 
C)  They precipitate. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 20

The term _____ is used to indicate Gibbs free energy.

Accepted Answer

A)  $\Delta$H 
B)  $\Delta$E 
C)  $\Delta$S 
D) $\Delta$G 
E)  $\Delta$T 
A)  $\Delta$H 
B)  $\Delta$E 
C)  $\Delta$S 
D) $\Delta$G 
E)  $\Delta$T

Exam 1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

The DNA backbone is made from repeating _____.

The energies for hydrogen bonds are approximately

How are electrostatic forces used in protein folding?

Describe resonance structures.

Why does DNA denature when the pH is raised above 9?

The matter within a defined region of space is referred to as the _____.

When solutions containing complementary single strands of DNA are mixed,a loss of entropy occurs.How is it that the Second Law of Thermodynamics is not violated?

What are some of the medical implications of the human genome project?

What two properties of water are important for biological interactions?

If the whole chain is used in a nonoverlapping frame,how many amino acids are defined by this DNA sequence: ATGTTTGGACTA?

What thermodynamic and free-energy changes participate in protein folding?

Approximately what percentage of the human genome encodes proteins?

The structure of DNA described by Watson and Crick included

If a particular reaction has a negative Δ\DeltaΔ G,is it likely to occur?

For a spontaneous reaction,the Δ\DeltaΔ G must be _____.

The fundamental groups of organisms include Eukarya,Bacteria,and _____.

Which is the correct order of decreasing bond strengths?

Which of the following are the strongest bonds in molecules?

What happens to nonpolar molecules in water?

The term _____ is used to indicate Gibbs free energy.

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

Filters

If a particular reaction has a negative $\Delta$ G,is it likely to occur?

For a spontaneous reaction,the $\Delta$ G must be _____.