Question 1

Two molecules are said to be _________________ if they have been derived from a common ancestor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two molecules are said to be _________________...

Question 2

An example of proteins that evolved similar mechanisms by convergent evolution is

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase and elastase. 
B)  chymotrypsin and subtilisin. 
C)  neuramidase and glycolase. 
D)  actin and myosin. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  DNA polymerase and elastase. 
B)  chymotrypsin and subtilisin. 
C)  neuramidase and glycolase. 
D)  actin and myosin. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 3

What are the three criteria necessary for evolution to occur?

Accepted Answer

There are three distinct steps

Question 4

What is a substitution matrix?

Accepted Answer

A substitution matrix is a means to rate

Question 5

In a combinatorial study of RNA described in the text,what functional feature(s)was/were of interest?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP binding 
B)  loop formation 
C)  replication ability 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  ATP binding 
B)  loop formation 
C)  replication ability 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 6

What evidence exists for a duplication event that led to the  $\alpha$ and $\beta$-hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Lamprey is a jawless fish that diverged

Question 7

In an evolutionary tree,what is the relationship between the length of the branches connecting each pair and the sequence differences?

Accepted Answer

The length of the branches con

Question 8

How are sequence alignments made?

Accepted Answer

Two sequences are aligned,and the best m

Question 9

If using protein structure is a better method to determine evolutionary relationships,why is most analysis done using DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

Relatively few protein structu

Question 10

Which of the following would be classified as paralogs due to development of a new function from a duplication and subsequent mutation of a gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin and myoglobin. 
B)  actin and keratin. 
C)  DNA polymerase and trypsin. 
D)  actin and myosin. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  hemoglobin and myoglobin. 
B)  actin and keratin. 
C)  DNA polymerase and trypsin. 
D)  actin and myosin. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 11

What graphical depiction shows how protein sequences are related in evolutionary terms?

Accepted Answer

A)  evolutionary tree 
B)  evolutionary funnel 
C)  evolutionary shrub 
D)  evolutionary map 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  evolutionary tree 
B)  evolutionary funnel 
C)  evolutionary shrub 
D)  evolutionary map 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 12

Evolutionary trees are constructed with the assumption that the number of sequence differences is related to the time since the two sequences ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evolutionary trees are constructed with the assumption...

Question 13

A BLAST search provides

Accepted Answer

A)  three-dimensional motifs. 
B)  a list of sequence alignments. 
C)  an estimate that an alignment occurred by chance. 
D)  three-dimensional motifs and a list of sequence alignments. 
E)  a list of sequence alignments and an estimate that an alignment occurred by chance. 
A)  three-dimensional motifs. 
B)  a list of sequence alignments. 
C)  an estimate that an alignment occurred by chance. 
D)  three-dimensional motifs and a list of sequence alignments. 
E)  a list of sequence alignments and an estimate that an alignment occurred by chance.

Question 14

What are some of the inherent difficulties of using DNA from ancient samples?

Accepted Answer

Contamination of the DNA sourc

Question 15

How are three-dimensional structures useful in evolutionary comparisons?

Accepted Answer

The structural details can be correlated

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a conservative amino acid change?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycine to tryptophan 
B)  aspartate to glutamine 
C)  alanine to leucine 
D)  serine to lysine 
E)  glutamine to asparagine 
A)  glycine to tryptophan 
B)  aspartate to glutamine 
C)  alanine to leucine 
D)  serine to lysine 
E)  glutamine to asparagine

Question 17

__________________ are homologous molecules that are found in different species and have similar or identical functions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________________ are homologous molecules that are found...

Question 18

What is the population of molecules in which it is easy to study evolutionary processes using combinatorial chemistry?

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins 
B)  nucleotides 
C)  lipids 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  proteins 
B)  nucleotides 
C)  lipids 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 19

What is a conserved region of a protein that is used to search for homologs?

Accepted Answer

A)  conservative sequence 
B)  conservative domain 
C)  conservative template 
D)  sequence template 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  conservative sequence 
B)  conservative domain 
C)  conservative template 
D)  sequence template 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 20

What does an open reading frame encode?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA promoter sequences 
B)  potential protein coding regions 
C)  DNA terminator sequences 
D)  origins of replication 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  DNA promoter sequences 
B)  potential protein coding regions 
C)  DNA terminator sequences 
D)  origins of replication 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Exam 6: Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Two molecules are said to be _________________ if they have been derived from a common ancestor.

An example of proteins that evolved similar mechanisms by convergent evolution is

What are the three criteria necessary for evolution to occur?

What is a substitution matrix?

In a combinatorial study of RNA described in the text,what functional feature(s)was/were of interest?

What evidence exists for a duplication event that led to the α\alphaα and β\betaβ -hemoglobin?

In an evolutionary tree,what is the relationship between the length of the branches connecting each pair and the sequence differences?

How are sequence alignments made?

If using protein structure is a better method to determine evolutionary relationships,why is most analysis done using DNA sequences?

Which of the following would be classified as paralogs due to development of a new function from a duplication and subsequent mutation of a gene?

What graphical depiction shows how protein sequences are related in evolutionary terms?

Evolutionary trees are constructed with the assumption that the number of sequence differences is related to the time since the two sequences ________________________.

A BLAST search provides

What are some of the inherent difficulties of using DNA from ancient samples?

How are three-dimensional structures useful in evolutionary comparisons?

Which of the following is an example of a conservative amino acid change?

__________________ are homologous molecules that are found in different species and have similar or identical functions.

What is the population of molecules in which it is easy to study evolutionary processes using combinatorial chemistry?

What is a conserved region of a protein that is used to search for homologs?

What does an open reading frame encode?

Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

Filters

What evidence exists for a duplication event that led to the $\alpha$ and $\beta$ -hemoglobin?