Question 1

Regarding research on where different types of long-term memories are stored in the brain, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Declarative long-term memories appear to be stored in the cortex of the brain. 
B) Long-term procedural memories appear to be stored in the cerebellum. 
C) Episodic memories are stored in the front of the cortex, while semantic memories are stored in the back area of the cortex. 
D) All of these statements are true. 
A) Declarative long-term memories appear to be stored in the cortex of the brain. 
B) Long-term procedural memories appear to be stored in the cerebellum. 
C) Episodic memories are stored in the front of the cortex, while semantic memories are stored in the back area of the cortex. 
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 2

Instances have occurred n which witnesses described a criminal as black, tall, or young; and then the lineup was held in which a suspect was the only African American among whites, the only tall suspect, or the only young person.Having situations like this would produce

Accepted Answer

A) the serial position effect. 
B) a false positive. 
C) proactive interference. 
D) excellent recall memory. 
A) the serial position effect. 
B) a false positive. 
C) proactive interference. 
D) excellent recall memory.

Question 3

The savings that occur during _____ are a good reason for studying a wide range of subjects in high school and in college.

Accepted Answer

A) recognition 
B) relearning 
C) recall 
D) redintegration 
A) recognition 
B) relearning 
C) recall 
D) redintegration

Question 4

Brian grew up in California and became an expert surfer and skateboarder.His job transferred him to New Hampshire, where he took up snowboarding with relative ease.This ease in developing this new hobby illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) vicarious learning. 
B) positive transfer. 
C) the serial position effect. 
D) performance consolidation. 
A) vicarious learning. 
B) positive transfer. 
C) the serial position effect. 
D) performance consolidation.

Question 5

Regarding sleep, memory, and the interference theory of forgetting, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Sleeping after one studies can reduce forgetting due to interference. 
B) REM sleep and dreaming appear to help us form certain types of memories. 
C) Interference theory appears to apply only to short-term memory and not long-term memory. 
D) It is not completely clear if new memories alter existing memory traces or if they make it harder to retrieve earlier memories. 
A) Sleeping after one studies can reduce forgetting due to interference. 
B) REM sleep and dreaming appear to help us form certain types of memories. 
C) Interference theory appears to apply only to short-term memory and not long-term memory. 
D) It is not completely clear if new memories alter existing memory traces or if they make it harder to retrieve earlier memories.

Question 6

In a case study reported by Milner, a patient having damage to the hippocampus

Accepted Answer

A) showed an inability to retain information in short-term memory. 
B) had a clear memory of events taking place after the operation. 
C) found new learning almost impossible. 
D) suffered from retrograde amnesia. 
A) showed an inability to retain information in short-term memory. 
B) had a clear memory of events taking place after the operation. 
C) found new learning almost impossible. 
D) suffered from retrograde amnesia.

Question 7

In _____, skills developed in one situation conflict with those required to master a new task.

Accepted Answer

A) negative transfer 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) modeling 
D) avoidance conditioning 
A) negative transfer 
B) negative reinforcement 
C) modeling 
D) avoidance conditioning

Question 8

Painful, threatening, or embarrassing memories are held out of consciousness through

Accepted Answer

A) repression. 
B) encoding failure. 
C) retroactive interference. 
D) proactive interference. 
A) repression. 
B) encoding failure. 
C) retroactive interference. 
D) proactive interference.

Question 9

The fading or weakening of a memory trace due to a passage of time is called

Accepted Answer

A) redintegration. 
B) decay. 
C) interference. 
D) repression. 
A) redintegration. 
B) decay. 
C) interference. 
D) repression.

Question 10

_____ occurs because the stimuli associated with the memory are missing when the time comes to retrieve the information.

Accepted Answer

A) Memory decay 
B) Cue-dependent forgetting 
C) Repression 
D) Suppression 
A) Memory decay 
B) Cue-dependent forgetting 
C) Repression 
D) Suppression

Question 11

A father who forgets to take his daughter to her favorite movie as he promised on three occasions would likely be accused of forgetting caused by

Accepted Answer

A) decay or disuse. 
B) state-dependent forgetting. 
C) flashbulb memories. 
D) repression. 
A) decay or disuse. 
B) state-dependent forgetting. 
C) flashbulb memories. 
D) repression.

Question 12

In a classic experiment, a psychologist read a short passage in Greek to his son every day when the boy was between 15 months and 3 years of age.At age 8, he was asked to recall the passage, to recognize the passage, and later to memorize the original quotations and others of equal difficulty.The results of the experiment showed that

Accepted Answer

A) the boy exhibited no recall of the passage. 
B) the boy lacked recognition of the passage when presented with the original passage and other Greek passages. 
C) the boy memorized the original passage 25 percent faster than other Greek passages, showing evidence of relearning. 
D) all of these were occurred. 
A) the boy exhibited no recall of the passage. 
B) the boy lacked recognition of the passage when presented with the original passage and other Greek passages. 
C) the boy memorized the original passage 25 percent faster than other Greek passages, showing evidence of relearning. 
D) all of these were occurred.

Question 13

_____ is the theory that memory traces weaken when memories are not periodically used or retrieved.

Accepted Answer

A) Suppression 
B) Disuse 
C) Consolidation 
D) Encoding failure 
A) Suppression 
B) Disuse 
C) Consolidation 
D) Encoding failure

Question 14

The false items that are included with the correct answer to be recognized are known as

Accepted Answer

A) trick responses. 
B) false icons. 
C) mnemonics. 
D) distractors. 
A) trick responses. 
B) false icons. 
C) mnemonics. 
D) distractors.

Question 15

The results of the experiments on long-term potentiation have demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

A) retroactive interference is a permanent condition. 
B) ECS can increase long-term potentiation and improve memory. 
C) memory can be artificially enhanced using drugs. 
D) all of these are true. 
A) retroactive interference is a permanent condition. 
B) ECS can increase long-term potentiation and improve memory. 
C) memory can be artificially enhanced using drugs. 
D) all of these are true.

Question 16

Cecil, Tony, and Juan have recently joined the school's marching band and will be playing tubas.Who will most likely have an initially easier time learning to play the tuba?

Accepted Answer

A) Cecil, who was the bugler at Boy Scout camp this past summer. 
B) Tony, who can play the guitar, bass, and piano. 
C) Juan, who has never played an instrument. 
D) All three will have equal difficulty in learning to play the tuba. 
A) Cecil, who was the bugler at Boy Scout camp this past summer. 
B) Tony, who can play the guitar, bass, and piano. 
C) Juan, who has never played an instrument. 
D) All three will have equal difficulty in learning to play the tuba.

Question 17

_____ are visual depictions used by most people in memory and thinking.

Accepted Answer

A) Mental images 
B) Eidetic images 
C) Visual illusions 
D) Acoustic cues 
A) Mental images 
B) Eidetic images 
C) Visual illusions 
D) Acoustic cues

Question 18

In an experiment, a rat was placed on a small platform.When this rat stepped down to the floor, it received a painful electric shock.After one shock, this rat would not step down to the floor when placed on the platform.A second rat also stepped down to the floor from the platform and received a painful shock but was immediately administered an electroconvulsive shock (ECS) to its brain.How did the ECS affect this second rat's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) The second rat, like the first, would never step down to the floor out of fear of the painful shock. 
B) The second rat actually sought out the painful shock because the ECS caused an endorphin "rush" that resulted in the rat becoming addicted to the pain. 
C) The second rat stepped down over and over again because the ECS wiped out the memories of the painful shock during consolidation. 
D) The second rat did not show fear of the shock from touching the floor but did show fear when the researcher attempted to administer the ECS again. 
A) The second rat, like the first, would never step down to the floor out of fear of the painful shock. 
B) The second rat actually sought out the painful shock because the ECS caused an endorphin "rush" that resulted in the rat becoming addicted to the pain. 
C) The second rat stepped down over and over again because the ECS wiped out the memories of the painful shock during consolidation. 
D) The second rat did not show fear of the shock from touching the floor but did show fear when the researcher attempted to administer the ECS again.

Question 19

On a TV game show, you are asked which way Lincoln's head faces on a penny.You are unable to answer correctly, and you lose a large prize.Your memory failure is most likely a result of

Accepted Answer

A) the serial position effect. 
B) repression. 
C) encoding failure. 
D) priming. 
A) the serial position effect. 
B) repression. 
C) encoding failure. 
D) priming.

Question 20

The difficulty experienced when changing from a car with a manual transmission to one with an automatic is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) discovery learning. 
B) negative practice. 
C) reminiscence. 
D) negative transfer. 
A) discovery learning. 
B) negative practice. 
C) reminiscence. 
D) negative transfer.

Exam 8: Extension B: Memory

Regarding research on where different types of long-term memories are stored in the brain, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Instances have occurred n which witnesses described a criminal as black, tall, or young; and then the lineup was held in which a suspect was the only African American among whites, the only tall suspect, or the only young person.Having situations like this would produce

The savings that occur during _____ are a good reason for studying a wide range of subjects in high school and in college.

Brian grew up in California and became an expert surfer and skateboarder.His job transferred him to New Hampshire, where he took up snowboarding with relative ease.This ease in developing this new hobby illustrates

Regarding sleep, memory, and the interference theory of forgetting, which of the following statements is FALSE?

In a case study reported by Milner, a patient having damage to the hippocampus

In _____, skills developed in one situation conflict with those required to master a new task.

Painful, threatening, or embarrassing memories are held out of consciousness through

The fading or weakening of a memory trace due to a passage of time is called

_____ occurs because the stimuli associated with the memory are missing when the time comes to retrieve the information.

A father who forgets to take his daughter to her favorite movie as he promised on three occasions would likely be accused of forgetting caused by

_____ is the theory that memory traces weaken when memories are not periodically used or retrieved.

The false items that are included with the correct answer to be recognized are known as

The results of the experiments on long-term potentiation have demonstrated that

Cecil, Tony, and Juan have recently joined the school's marching band and will be playing tubas.Who will most likely have an initially easier time learning to play the tuba?

_____ are visual depictions used by most people in memory and thinking.

On a TV game show, you are asked which way Lincoln's head faces on a penny.You are unable to answer correctly, and you lose a large prize.Your memory failure is most likely a result of

The difficulty experienced when changing from a car with a manual transmission to one with an automatic is an example of

Introduction the Psychology

Extension A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Extension A: Brain and Behavior

Extension B: Brain and Behavior

Extension C: Brain and Behavior

Extension A: Human Development

Extension B: Human Development

Extension C: Human Development

Extension D: Human Development

Extension A: Sensation and Reality

Extension B: Sensation and Reality

Extension A: Perceiving the World

Extension B: Perceiving the World

Extension A: States of Consciousness

Extension B: States of Consciousness

Extension C: States of Consciousness

Extension D: States of Consciousness

Extension A: Conditioning and Learning

Extension B: Conditioning and Learning

Extension C: Conditioning and Learning

Extension A: Memory

Extension C: Memory

Extension A: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension B: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension C: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension D: Cognition, Language, Creativity, and Intelligence

Extension A: Motivation and Emotion

Extension B: Motivation and Emotion

Extension C: Motivation and Emotion

Extension D: Motivation and Emotion

Extension A: Gender and Sexuality

Extension B: Gender and Sexuality

Extension C: Gender and Sexuality

Extension A: Personality

Extension B: Personality

Extension C: Personality

Extension D: Personality

Extension A: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension B: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension C: Health, Stress, and Coping

Extension A: Psychological Disorders

Extension B: Psychological Disorders

Extension C: Psychological Disorders

Extension D: Psychological Disorders

Extension A: Therapies

Extension B: Therapies

Extension C: Therapies

Extension D: Therapies

Extension A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Extension A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Extension A: Applied Psychology

Extension B: Applied Psychology

Extension C: Applied Psychology

Appendix A: Behavioral Statistics

Appendix B: Behavioral Statistics